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Ap dung bo de : \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\le\sqrt{xy}\left(x,y\ge1\right)\) (1)
(1) <=> \(2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}\le\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+1\) (dung theo AM-GM)
Ta co \(VT\le\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{c\left(ab+1\right)}=VP\)
Dau = xay ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\\\left(ab+1\right)\left(c-1\right)=1\end{cases}}\)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh bổ đề: \(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\le\sqrt{pq}\)(*) (với \(p,q\ge1\))
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\right)^2\le pq\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(p-1\right)+\left(q-1\right)+2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le pq\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le\left(pq-p-q+1\right)+1\) \(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)+1\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo bất đẳng thức AM - GM vì \(\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right).1}=2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\)
Như vậy, ta đã chứng minh được bất đẳng thức phụ: \(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\le\sqrt{pq}\)(với \(p,q\ge1\))
Áp dụng vào bài toán, ta được: \(\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c-1}\)\(=\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{c\left(ab+1\right)}\)(q.e.d)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\\ab\left(c-1\right)=1\end{cases}}\)
đặt a-1=x2;b-1=y2;c-1=z2 với x,y,z>0. Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh trở thành
\(x+y+z\le\sqrt{\left(z^2+1\right)\left[\left(y^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+1\right]}\)
áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(x+y\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)+z}\left(1\right)̸\)
\(\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}+z\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)+1}\cdot\sqrt{z^2+1}\)(2)
kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có \(x+y+z\le\sqrt{\left(z^2+1\right)\left[\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)+1\right]}\)
vậy \(\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{c\left(ab+1\right)}\left(đpcm\right)\)
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c^2+1\right)-1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}+12\)
Mặt khác \(a;b;c\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\) (và tương tự...)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+12\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+1+1+1+9\)
\(VT\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
Để ý theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) sẽ nhỏ hơn hoặc bằng với:
\(\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\right)\left(a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}\right)\)
Mặt khác cũng theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3+8abc}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3+8abc}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c^3+8abc}\)sẽ nhỏ hơn hoặc bằng với:
\(\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+24abc}\)
Ta chứng minh được \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\)nên ta được:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Hay \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\ge1\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh. Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
3. a) \(A=x+\frac{1}{x-1}=x-1+\frac{1}{x-1}+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\cdot\frac{1}{x-1}}+1=3\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x-1=\frac{1}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Min \(A=3\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=\frac{4}{x}+\frac{1}{4y}=\frac{4}{x}+4x+\frac{1}{4y}+4y\cdot-4\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{x}\cdot4x}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4y}\cdot4y}-4\cdot\frac{5}{4}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{4}{x}=4x\\\frac{1}{4y}=4y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Min \(B=5\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Chắc đề là tìm min???
\(C=a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}=a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{3}{a+b}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\cdot\frac{1}{a+b}}+\frac{3}{1}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b=\frac{1}{a+b}\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Min \(C=5\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
1. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}+\frac{4}{2p-b-c}+\frac{4}{2p-a-c}\) \(=\frac{4}{c}+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot1}\le a\cdot\frac{b-1+1}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\) . Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow b-1=1\Leftrightarrow b=2\)
+ Tương tự : \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
Do đó: \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)
Đặt T là vế trái, áp dụng AM-GM, ta có:
\(a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{1\left(b-1\right)}\le\dfrac{a.\left(1+b-1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\dfrac{ba}{2}\)
Cộng vế theo vế 2 BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được:
\(T\ge\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{ba}{2}=ab\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=1