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a) \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
b) \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^3+4y^3\ge\left(x+y\right)^3\Leftrightarrow3x^3+3y^3\ge3x^2y+3xy^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2\left(x-y\right)-3y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-x^2-2xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Giả sử bài toán đã có đầu đủ giả thuyết cần thiết rồi. (Thiếu giả thuyết nhá bác).
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{y+z}{2}\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{z+x}{2}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)-3\left(xy^2+xz^3+yx^2+yz^2+zx^2+zy^2\right)\ge0\)
Ta có bổ đề:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3yx^2\)
Thế vô thì bài toán được chứng minh.
1 cách giải khác:
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow8\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(y+z\right)^3+\left(x+z\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2-yz+z^2\right)+3\left(x+z\right)\left(x^2-xz+z^2\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2+3\left(y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)^2+3\left(x+z\right)\left(x-z\right)^2=0\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Thay $x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2,5}}; y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{0,25}}$ ta thấy đề sai bạn nhé!
\(M=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(z-3\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\) (ĐPCM)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{a}=m; \frac{y}{b}=n; \frac{z}{c}=p$ với $m,n,p>0$.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
(m^2a+n^2b+p^2c)(a+b+c)\geq (am+bn+cp)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow m^2(ab+ac)+n^2(ba+bc)+p^2(ca+cb)\geq 2abmn+2amcp+2bncp$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(m^2-2mn+n^2)+bc(n^2-2np+p^2)+ca(m^2-2mp+p^2)\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(m-n)^2+bc(n-p)^2+ca(m-p)^2\geq 0$
(luôn đúng với $a,b,c>0$)
Ta có đpcm.
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
\(\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{z-x+x-y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{x-y+y-z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}+\dfrac{y-z+z-x}{\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{x-y}+\dfrac{2}{y-z}+\dfrac{2}{z-x}\)
ta có : \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}-\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^2\)
=\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}-\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx}{9}\)
=\(\dfrac{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx}{9}\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}{9}\ge0\)
Vậy suy ra ĐPCM và dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=y=z\)