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\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=> \(A+3=\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a+b}.\frac{1}{b+c}.\frac{1}{c+a}}=\frac{9}{2}\) (AM - GM)
=> \(A\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( tự c/m)
Áp dụng:
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Bạn tự chứng minh BĐT phụ: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) \(x;y;z>0\)
Áp dụng, ta có:
\(\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
BĐT
<=> \(\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{3\left(ac+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a\left(a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right)}{b+c}+...\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{abc}{b+c}\le abc.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right)\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(luôn đúng )
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách này chủ yếu biến đổi tương đương nên chắc phù hợp với lớp 8
Nếu sử dụng SOS nhìn vào sẽ làm đc liền vì có Nesbitt lẫn \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=ab.\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{b}{4}+\frac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự các BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế ta có d9pcm.
Bài 2: 2 bài đều dùng Svac cả!
(cần thì ib t gửi link cho)