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BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được
Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị
Ta có: \(x+y+z=1\) nên:
\(\Rightarrow y+z=1-x\)
Thay \(y+z=1-x\) và áp dụng BĐT \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) ta được:
\(4\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)=4\left(y+z\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\le\left[\left(y+z\right)+\left(1-z\right)\right]^2\left(1-y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(y+z\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\le\left(1+y\right)^2\left(1-y\right)=\left(1+y\right)\left(1-y^2\right)\le1+y\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\le1+y=x+2y+z\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(4\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\)
\(=4\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\le\frac{\left(x+y+y+z\right)^2}{4}\times4\left(x+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y+z\right)^2\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\le\left(x+2y+z\right)\times\frac{\left(x+2y+z+x+z\right)^2}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+2y+z\right)\times\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4}\)
\(=x+2y+z\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra:\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=z=\frac{1}{2}\\y=0\end{cases}}\)
Câu 2:
Từ điều kiện bài này có thể đặt ẩn phụ và AM-GM ra luôn kết quả, nhưng hơi rắc rối khi người ta hỏi từ đâu mà có cách đặt ẩn phụ như vậy, do đó ta giải trâu :D
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+xyz=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{4}+2\left(\frac{x}{2}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{2}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{xz}{2y}+\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{yz}{2x}+\frac{yz}{2x}.\frac{xz}{2y}+2\left(\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{yz}{2x}.\frac{xy}{2y}\right)=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{xy}{2z};\frac{zx}{2y};\frac{yz}{2x}\right)=\left(m;n;p\right)\Rightarrow mn+np+pn+2mnp=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(n+1\right)\left(m+1\right)\left(p+1\right)=\left(n+1\right)\left(m+1\right)+\left(n+1\right)\left(p+1\right)+\left(m+1\right)\left(p+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{m+1}+\frac{1}{p+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1=\frac{n}{n+1}+\frac{m}{m+1}+\frac{p}{p+1}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{m}+\sqrt{p}\right)^2}{m+n+p+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m+m+p+2\left(\sqrt{mn}+\sqrt{np}+\sqrt{mp}\right)\le m+n+p+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{mn}+\sqrt{np}+\sqrt{mp}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{z}{2}\le\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\le3\)
Câu 1:
\(2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=2xyz+\left(x+y+z\right)-1\)
\(VT=x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)-4xyz+2\)
\(VT\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{4}{27}\left(x+y+z\right)^3+2\)
\(VT\ge\frac{4}{27}\left[\frac{15}{4}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\left(x+y+z-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
(Do \(0< x;y;z< 1\Rightarrow x+y+z< 3< \frac{15}{4}\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4x+3y+4z\right)^2\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4x+4y+4z\right)^2=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Đặt\(A=\frac{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)\right]\left[\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)\right]}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{8.\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{8\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3\le\left(\dfrac{9}{8}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3\le\dfrac{27}{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)