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Ta có : \(y=\frac{1}{1+x+\ln x}\Rightarrow y'=\frac{-\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}=\frac{-\left(1+x\right)}{x\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}xy'=\frac{-\left(1+x\right)}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\\y\left(y\ln x-1\right)=\frac{1}{1+x+\ln x}\left(\frac{\ln}{1+x+\ln x}-1\right)=\frac{-\left(1+x\right)}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy'=y\left(y\ln x-1\right)\Rightarrow\) Điều phải chứng minh
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có \(y'=\frac{\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow y"=\frac{x.\frac{-\sin\left(\ln x\right)-\cos\left(\ln x\right)}{x}-\left[\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)\right]}{x^2}=\frac{-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)}{x^2}\)
Ta có :
\(y+xy'+x^2y"=\sin\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(y=\ln\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)\Rightarrow y'=\frac{-\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}}{\frac{1}{1+x}}=\frac{-1}{1+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}xy'+1=\frac{-x}{1+x}+1=\frac{1}{1+x}\\e^y=e^{\ln\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}=\frac{1}{1+x}\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy'+1=e^y\) (điều phải chứng minh)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có \(y'=\frac{\frac{1}{x}x\left(1-\ln x\right)-\left[1-\ln x+x\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)\right]\left(1+\ln x\right)}{x^2\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}=\frac{1-\ln x+\ln x\left(1+\ln x\right)}{x^2\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}=\frac{1+\ln^2x}{x^2\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}2x^2y'=2x^2\frac{1+\ln^2x}{x^2\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}=\frac{2\left(1+\ln^2x\right)}{\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}\\x^2y^2+1=x^2\frac{1+\ln^2x}{x^2\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}+1=\frac{\left(1+\ln^2x\right)}{\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}+1=\frac{2\left(1+\ln^2x\right)}{\left(1-\ln x\right)^2}\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2y'=x^2y^2+1\Rightarrow\) Điều phải chứng minh
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(y=\sin\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y'=\frac{1}{x}\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\frac{1}{x}\sin\left(\ln x\right)=\frac{\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)}{x}\\y"=\frac{\left[-\frac{1}{x}\sin\left(\ln x\right)-\frac{1}{x}\cos\left(\ln x\right)\right]x-\left[\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)\right]}{x^2}=\frac{-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)}{x^2}\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow y+xy'+x^2y"=\sin\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)+\cos\left(\ln x\right)-\sin\left(\ln x\right)-2\cos\left(\ln x\right)=0\)
=> Điều cần chứng minh
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ta có \(\ln\frac{1}{1+x}=-\ln\left(1+x\right)\Rightarrow y'=-\frac{1}{1+x}\)
vậy xy'+1=\(\frac{-x}{1+x}+1=\frac{1}{1+x}=e^y\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(y'=x+\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}\right)+\frac{\frac{1+\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}}{2\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2+1}}}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2+1}}}\)
\(=x+\frac{2x^2+1}{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{x+\sqrt{x^2+1}}{2\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\sqrt{x^2+1}}=x+\frac{2x^2+1}{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}\)
\(=x+\frac{2\left(x^2+1\right)}{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}=x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}xy'+\ln y'=x\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)+\ln\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)=x^2+x\sqrt{x^2+1}+\ln\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\\2y=x^2+x\sqrt{x^2+1}+2\ln\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2+1}}=x^2+x\sqrt{x^2+1}+\ln\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow2y=xy'+\ln y'\)\(\Rightarrow\) Điều phải chứng minh
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^x} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0} + \Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.{e^{\Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{\Delta x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} {e^{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{\Delta x}} - 1}}{{\Delta x}} = {e^{{x_0}}}.1 = {e^{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \({\left( {{e^x}} \right)^\prime } = {e^x}\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
b) Với bất kì \({x_0} > 0\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln {\rm{x}} - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{{{x_0} + \Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}}\end{array}\)
Đặt \(\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}} = t\). Lại có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}};\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + t} \right)}}{t} = 1\)
Vậy \(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.1 = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\)
Vậy \({\left( {\ln x} \right)^\prime } = \frac{1}{x}\) trên khoảng \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Với x > 0 bất kì và \(h = x - {x_0}\) ta có
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{h} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - \ln {x_0}}}{h}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}.{x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)
Vậy hàm số \(y = \ln x\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = \frac{1}{x}\)
b) Ta có \({\log _a}x = \frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}\) nên \(\left( {{{\log }_a}x} \right)' = \left( {\frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}} \right)' = \frac{1}{{x\ln a}}\)
Ta có : \(y'=\frac{-1-\frac{1}{x}}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}=-\frac{x+1}{x\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy'=-\frac{x+1}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\) (1)
Lại có \(y\left(y\ln x-1\right)=\frac{-1-x}{\left(1+x+\ln x\right)^2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(xy'=y\left(y\ln x-1\right)\)