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Xét (1/x+1/y+1/z)^2=1/x^2+1/y^2+1/z^2+2/xy+2/yz+2/xz
=P+2/xy+2/yz+2/xz=P+(2z+2x+2y)/xyz=P+2(x+y+z)/x+y+z=P+2
mà (1/x+1/y+1/z)^2=3
=>p=3-2=1
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$\frac{1}{x(x+1)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x(x+1)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}$
Tương tự:
$\frac{1}{y(y+1)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}$
$\frac{1}{z(z+1)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}$
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên:
$\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)+\frac{3}{4}\geq \frac{9}{2}$
$\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{9}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\geq \frac{9}{2}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\geq \frac{3}{2}$
Vậy gtnn của biểu thức là $\frac{3}{2}$ khi $x=y=z=1$
a) Ta có: \(A=x\left(x+2\right)+y\left(y-2\right)-2xy+37\)
\(=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(2x-2y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+2\right)+37\)(1)
Thay x-y=7 vào biểu thức (1), ta được:
\(A=7\cdot\left(7+2\right)+37=7\cdot9+37=100\)
Vậy: Khi x-y=7 thì A=100
b) Ta có: \(x+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy+10=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-3\)
Ta có: \(A=x^3+y^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)(2)
Thay x+y=2; \(x^2+y^2=10\) và xy=-3 vào biểu thức (2), ta được:
\(A=2\cdot\left(10+3\right)=2\cdot13=26\)
Vậy: Khi x+y=2 và \(x^2+y^2=10\) thì A=26
\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37=x^2-2xy+y^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=7^2+2\cdot7+37=100\)
\(\Rightarrow A=x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[x^2+y^2-\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}\right]=2\cdot\left[10+3\right]=2\cdot13=26\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{x+y}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{y+z}{z}\right)\left(\dfrac{x+z}{x}\right)=-\dfrac{z}{y}\cdot\dfrac{-x}{z}\cdot-\dfrac{y}{x}=-1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{x+y},\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{y+z},\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{z+x}\)
Đề trở thành: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\), tính \(P=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) Tương đương \(ab+bc=-ac\)
\(P=\dfrac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{-ac\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2c^2-a^2b^2+ab^2c-b^2c^2}{ab^2c}=\dfrac{ac}{b^2}-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\)\(=ac\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{c}\) tương đương \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\))
\(=3\)
Vậy P=3
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2.0=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=0\)
\(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=z^2\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)
Tương tự: \(y^2+z^2-x^2=-2yz,x^2+z^2-y^2=-2xz\)
\(\frac{1}{y^2+z^2-x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2-z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+z^2-y^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2yz}+\frac{1}{-2xy}+\frac{1}{-2xz}=\frac{x+y+z}{-2xyz}=0\)