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\(x^2+xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy\ge\left(x+y\right)^2-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
(Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{y^2+yz+z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(y+z\right);\sqrt{z^2+zx+x^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(z+x\right)\)
Suy ra \(M\ge\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(xy\le\frac{x^2+y^2}{2};yz\le\frac{y^2+z^2}{2};zx\le\frac{z^2+x^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{y^2+z^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{z^2+x^2}{2}}\)
theo bunhia thì \(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2;2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(y+z\right)^2;2\left(z^2+x^2\right)\ge\left(z+x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{4}}=\frac{x+y}{2}+\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{z+x}{2}=x+y+z=1\)
Vậy \(Min_A=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y}=\dfrac{y}{y+z}=\dfrac{z}{z+x}\\\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm:
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\\\sqrt{yz}\le\frac{y+z}{2}\\\sqrt{xz}\le\frac{x+z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le\frac{x+y}{2}+\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{x+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) ( 1 )
Ta có: \(A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số:
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) ( 2 )
Từ điều ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\le\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}=\sqrt{x^2+xy+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{3y^2}{4}}=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}}\)
Tương tự ta viết lại A và áp dụng BĐT Mipcopxki :
\(A=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\left(y+\frac{z}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3z^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\left(z+\frac{x}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3x^2}{4}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}y}{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y+\frac{z}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}z}{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z+\frac{x}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}x}{2}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3\cdot3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot3}{2}\right)^2}=\sqrt{27}\)
Xảy ra khi x=y=z=1