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gọi A là VT
Ta có : \(A=\left[\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)-x^4y^4\right]+\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(x^{16}+y^{16}\right)-2x^2y^2\right]-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si,ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}2\sqrt{\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}.\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}}=x^4y^4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)-x^4y^4\ge0\)
\(\frac{x^{16}+y^{16}}{4}\ge\frac{x^8y^8}{2}=\left(\frac{x^8y^8}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^8y^8}{16}}-\frac{3}{2}==2x^2y^2-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\left(x^{16}+y^{16}\right)-2x^2y^2\ge\frac{-3}{2}\)
Từ đó ta có : \(A\ge0-\frac{3}{2}-1=\frac{-5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x^2y^2=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\pm1}\)
Bđt tương đương:
\(\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\frac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\frac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right]\ge0\)(luôn đúng do \(x,y\ne0\))
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2=a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+2=a^2\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh được: \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge2\)nên \(a^2\ge4\)\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge2\\x\le-2\end{cases}}\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy: bđt tương đương với \(a^2-2+4\ge3a\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a\ge2\\a\le1\end{cases}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) suy ra (2) . Vậy bài toán được chứng minh
\(\left(\frac{x-y}{2y-x}-\frac{x^2+y^2+y-2}{x^2-xy-2y^2}\right):\frac{4x^4+4x^2y+y^2-4}{x^2+y+xy+x}:\frac{1}{2x^2+y+2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x-y}{2y-x}+\frac{x^2+y^2+y-2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}\right):\frac{\left(y+2x^2+2\right)\left(y+2x^2-2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y\right)}:\frac{1}{2x^2+y+2}\)
\(=\frac{y+2x^2-2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}.\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+2x^2+2\right)\left(y+2x^2-2\right)}.\left(2x^2+y+2\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+1\right)}{\left(2y-x\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đến đây có 2 cách giải quyết
Cách 1:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{x^2y^2}\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Cách 2 là đặt ẩn:)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\ge2\Rightarrow t+1>0;t-2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\le-2\Rightarrow t+1< 0;t-2< 0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)>0\)
=> đpcm
\(A=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^4+x^2y^2\right)^2+\left(y^4+x^2y^2\right)^2+x^4y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^4+x^2y^2\right)^2+2x^4y^4+2x^2y^6+y^8}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^4+x^2y^2\right)^2+2\left(x^4+x^2y^2\right)y^4+y^8}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{x^4+x^2y^2+y^4}{x^2+y^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{x^4+2x^2y^2+y^4}{x^2+y^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)^2+\left(y^2+xy\right)^2+x^2y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)^2+2x^2y^2+2xy^3+y^4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)^2+2\left(x^2+xy\right)y^2+y^4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2}{x+y}\)
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/140802-cmrfrac4x2y2x2y22fracx2y2fracy2x2geq-3/