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\(\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+1}=\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}=\dfrac{x-y}{z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(z+y\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y-z}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);\(\dfrac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}=\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}-\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{1}{z^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{-z}\\\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{-z}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{-z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(x+2y+z\right)^{2021}=\left(\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2021}=1^{2021}=1\)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}-\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{1}{z^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\\\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}=-\frac{1}{z}\\\frac{1}{y}=-\frac{1}{z}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-z\)
Thay vào \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)ta được :
\(x=y=\frac{1}{2};z=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2021}=1^{2020}=1\)
a) Áp dụng bài toán sau : a + b + c = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=3.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}\)
Ta có : \(A=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{xyz}{x^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{z^3}\)
\(A=xyz.\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.3.\frac{1}{xyz}=3\)
b) x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - 3y - 2z + 4 = 0
4x2 + 4y2 + 4z2 - 4xy - 12y - 8z + 16 = 0
( 4x2 - 4xy + y2 ) + ( 3y2 - 12y + 12 ) + ( 4z2 - 8z + 4 ) = 0
( 2x - y )2 + 3 ( y - 2 )2 + 4 ( z - 1 )2 = 0
Ta có : ( 2x - y )2 \(\ge\)0 ; 3 ( y - 2 )2 \(\ge\)0 ; 4 ( z - 1 )2 \(\ge\)0
Mà ( 2x - y )2 + 3 ( y - 2 )2 + 4 ( z - 1 )2 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y=0\\y-2=0\\z-1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=1\end{cases}}}\)
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