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\(AB^2+CD^2-\left(BC^2+DA^2\right)=\overrightarrow{AB}^2+\overrightarrow{CD}^2-\overrightarrow{BC}^2-\overrightarrow{AD}^2\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CD}-\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{DB}\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(AC^2+BD^2=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)^2\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}+BC^2+BA^2+2\overrightarrow{BA}.\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+BC^2+AD^2+2\overrightarrow{AB}\left(\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+BC^2+AD^2\)
a, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AC^2+AB^2-2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=BC^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\dfrac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)
b, \(2\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=CA^2+CB^2-BC^2=CA^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\dfrac{CA^2}{2}=\dfrac{8^2}{2}=32\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB})^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\Leftrightarrow AB^2+AC^2-2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}=BC^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\) (đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\frac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)
\(\cos \angle A=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}}{|\overrightarrow{AB}|.|\overrightarrow{AC}|}=\frac{20}{5.8}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \angle A=60^0\)
b)
Tương tự phần a, \(\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\frac{CA^2+CB^2-AB^2}{2}=\frac{8^2+7^2-5^2}{2}=44\)
a) \(\overrightarrow{MP}.\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right).\left(\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{MD}.\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MD}.\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MC}-\overrightarrow{MB}.\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MD}.\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MD}.\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(0+0\right)=0\) (vì \(AC\perp BD\) nên \(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{BM}=0;\overrightarrow{MD}.\overrightarrow{MC}=0\)).
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{MP}.\overrightarrow{BC}=0\) nên \(MP\perp BC\).
Áp dụng tính chất trung điểm ta có:
Do J là trung điểm của BD nên \(2\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{ID}\).
Theo quy tắc ba điểm: \(\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{ID}=\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{CD}\).
Vì vậy: \(2\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{ID}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{CD}\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IC}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\) (ĐPCM).
Đáp án: D
a sai vì nếu tam giác ABC thỏa mãn AB2 + AC2 = BC2 thì tam giác ABC vuông tại A không phải vuông tại B.
b, c, d đúng.
a) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \\= \left( {\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) \\= \overrightarrow 0 + 2\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow 0 = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \) (đpcm)
b) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \)
\(\left( {\overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {AM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Suy ra \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
Cách 2:
\(\begin{array}{l}
\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BC} - \overrightarrow {BD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow {DC} (đpcm)
\end{array}\)