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Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\)a=bk , c=dk
Ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(dk+d\right)^2}=\)\(\frac{\left(b\left(k+1\right)\right)^2}{\left(d\left(k+1\right)\right)^2}=\frac{b^2\times\left(k+1\right)^2}{d^2\times\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)( 1 )
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2\times k^2+b^2}{d^2\times k^2+d^2}\)= \(\frac{b^2\times\left(k^2+1\right)}{d^2\times\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)(dpcm)
* Giả sử tất cả các tỷ lệ thức đều có nghĩa.
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}\times\frac{b}{d}=\frac{b}{d}\times\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{c^2+2cd+d^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)(ĐPCM)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào đẳng thức ta có :
\(\frac{bk-b}{bk}=\frac{dk-d}{dk}\)
\(\frac{b\left(k-1\right)}{bk}=\frac{d\left(k-1\right)}{dk}\)
\(\frac{k-1}{k}=\frac{k-1}{k}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vì \(a,b,c,d\ne0\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}\) \(=\frac{c}{d}\) \(=k\left(k\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=kb,c=kd\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b}{a}\) \(=\frac{kb-b}{kb}\) \(=\frac{b\left(k-1\right)}{kb}\) \(=\frac{k-1}{k}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{c-d}{c}\) \(=\frac{kd-d}{kd}\) \(=\frac{d\left(k-1\right)}{kd}\) \(=\frac{k-1}{k}\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b}{a}\) \(=\frac{c-d}{c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chát dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
Vậy: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
#
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{c+d}{d+a}=\frac{a+b}{b+c}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c+d=\left(d+a\right)k\\a+b=\left(b+c\right)k\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c+d=dk+ak\\a+b=bk+ck\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+d=bk+ck+dk+ak\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+d=\left(a+b+c+d\right)k\)
\(\Rightarrow k=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c+d=d+a\\a+b=b+c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow c+d-d-a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow c-a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow c=a\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+d}{c-d}\) =>\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)\(=\frac{a+b+a-b}{c+d+c-d}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{c}\)(1)
CMTT ta có: \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{a+b-\left(a-b\right)}{c+d-\left(c-d\right)}\)\(=\frac{a+b-a+b}{c+d-c+d}=\frac{2b}{2d}=\frac{b}{d}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\left(=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)\)=>\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)(ĐPCM)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
*a/b=c/d=k=>a=bk;c=dk
Thay a=bk vào 2a+3b/2a-3b=2bk+3b/2bk-3b=2k+3/2k-3
Tương tự thay c=dk vào 2c+3d/2c-3d=2dk+3d/2dk-3d=2k+3/2k-3
=>2a+3b/2a-3b=2c+3d/2c-3d
*a/b=c/d=>a/c=b/d=k
=>k^2=a^2/c^2=c^2/d^2=a^2-b^2/c^2-d^2 (1)
k^2=a/c.b/d=ab/cd (2)
Từ (1) và (2)=>ab/cd=a^2-b^2/c^2-d^2
*a/b=c/d=>a/c=b/d=k=a+b/c+d
=>k^2=(a+b/c+d)^2
k^2=a^2/c^2=b^2/d^2=a^2+b^2/c^2+d^2
=>(a+b/c+d)^2=a^2+b^2/c^2+d^2
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\left(k\in R\right)\)thì a = bk ; c = dk .Ta có :
\(\frac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\frac{2bk+3b}{2bk-3b}=\frac{b\left(2k+3\right)}{b\left(2k-3\right)}=\frac{2k+3}{2k-3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}=\frac{2dk+3d}{2dk-3d}=\frac{d\left(2k+3\right)}{d\left(2k-3\right)}=\frac{2k+3}{2k-3}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(3\right)\); \(\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2k^2-b^2}{d^2k^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2-1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(4\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(dk+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left[b\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{\left[d\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{d^2\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(5\right)\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k^2+1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(6\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) , (3) và (4) , (5) và (6) , ta suy ra 3 tỉ lệ thức cần chứng minh từ tỉ lệ thức \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{2a+b}{2c+d}=\frac{a-2b}{c-2d}\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\frac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)
\(b\text{) }\left(a+2c\right)\left(b-d\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(b+2d\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+2c}{a-c}=\frac{b+2d}{b-d}\)
-> Làm tương tự í trên
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\left[\frac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right]^3=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^3=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^3+b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3k^3+b^3}{d^3k^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3\left(k^3+1\right)}{d^3\left(k^3+1\right)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1!) và (2) => \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}\)