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a: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KA}=-\overrightarrow{AK}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{KA}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{2}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(2\right)\)từ (1) và (2) -> \(\overrightarrow{BK}và\overrightarrow{BI}\) cùng phương -> B,K,I thẳng hàng
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AI}\\ \overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MI}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BM}+(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{MI})=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{\overrightarrow{BC}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow 4\overrightarrow{BI}=2\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{\overrightarrow{AC}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow 3\overrightarrow{BK}=3\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{BA}+(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC})=2\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\)
Do đó:
\(4\overrightarrow{BI}=3\overrightarrow{BK}\Rightarrow B,I,K\) thẳng hàng.
