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\(\begin{array}{l} a,\\ PTHH:\\ AlCl_3+3KOH\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3KCl\ (1)\\ 2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o} Al_2O_3+3H_2O\ (2)\\ b,\\ n_{KOH}=\dfrac{3,36}{56}=0,06\ (mol)\\ Theo\ pt\ (1):\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{KOH}=0,02\ (mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,02\times 133,5=2,67\ (g)\\ c,\\ Theo\ pt\ (1):\ n_{Al(OH)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{KOH}=0,02\ (mol)\\ Theo\ pt\ (2):\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al(OH)_3}=0,01\ (mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,01\times 102=1,02\ (g)\end{array}\)
\(a,PTHH:CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2KCl\\ n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{135}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\\ b,PTHH:Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow^{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0.2\cdot0.4=0.08\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.08...........0.24..............0.08\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.08...........0.04\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.04\cdot160=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.24}{0.5}=0.48\left(l\right)\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\) (1)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\) (2)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0,2.0,4=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe : \(n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT (1) : \(n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,08.3=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48\left(l\right)\)
\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
\(n_{Fe\left(ỌH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> m Fe2O3 = 0,1 . 160=16(g)
2Na+2H2O--->2NaOH+H2
3NaOH+AlCl3--->Al(OH)3+3NaCl
2Al(OH)3--->Al2O3+3H2
n\(_{AL2O3}=\frac{2,55}{102}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
n\(_{H2}=\frac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh3
n\(_{Al2O3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Al\left(OH\right)3}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh2
n\(_{AlCl3}=n_{Al\left(OH\right)3}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh1
n\(_{NaOH}=2n_{H2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> Ở pth2 số molNaOH dư
Theo pthh2
C\(_{M\left(AlCl3\right)}=\frac{0,0125}{0,2}=0,0625\left(M\right)\)
\(PTHH:Na+H2O\rightarrow NaOH+\frac{1}{2}H2\)
nH2 =nKhi =0,125 --> 2.nH2= nNa=0,25 mol----> nOH-=0,25 mol
\(\text{nAl2O3 = nCR=0,025 mol }\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ nAl(OH)3 =2. nAl2O3=0,05 mol}\)
nOH- = 3. n Al(OH)3 + 4. Al(OH)4----> nAl(OH)4-=0,025 mol
\(\text{n AlCL3 = n Al(OH)3 + nAl(OH)4-=0,075 mol}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{CM của AlCl3=0,375M}\)