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=> n HCl = 0,9 mol
lúc sau , dễ thấy chỉ có Ca2+Ca2+ và 1 O trong CaCO3CaCO3 ở lại dd
gọi nCaCO3=anCaCO3=a
ta có pt
36,5 (0,9 - 2a) = 0,242 (100 + 56a)
\Leftrightarrow a = 0,0999 = 0,1 mol
số HCl còn lại trong dd X là 0,9 - 2 . 0,1 = 0,7 mol
tương tự với nMgCO3=bnMgCO3=b , dễ thấy
36,5 (0,7 - 2b) = 0,211 ( 100 + 56. 0,1 + 40b)
=> b = 0,0032956 = 0,0033 mol
từ a => mCaCL2=0,1.111=11,1gammCaCL2=0,1.111=11,1gam
b => mMgCl2=0,0033.95=0,3135gammMgCl2=0,0033.95=0,3135gam
m dd sau = 100 + 56 . 0,1 + 40 . 0,0033 = 105,732 gam
=> C % từng chất
CaCl2 : 10,5 %
MgCl2 = 0,297 %
Coi $m_{dd\ HCl} = 100(gam) \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,2(mol)$
Gọi $n_{BaCO_3} = a(mol)$
BaCO3 + 2HCl → BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
a..................2a............a..............a........................(mol)
Sau phản ứng :
$m_{dd} = 197a + 100 - a.44 = 153a + 100(gam)$
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,2 - 2a(mol)$
Suy ra :
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{(0,2-2a).36,5}{153a + 100}.100\% = 2,28\%$
$\Rightarrow a = 0,066$
$C\%_{BaCl_2} = \dfrac{0,066.208}{0,066.153 + 100}.100\% = 12,47\%$
\(GS:m_{dd_{HCl}}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100\cdot7.3\%=7.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(a..........2a.........a......a\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=197a+100-44a=153a+100\left(g\right)\)\(\)
\(m_{HCl}=7.3-73a\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7.3-73a}{153a+100}\cdot100\%=2.28\%\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.065\)
\(C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.065\cdot208}{153\cdot0.065+100}\cdot100\%=12.3\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{4,55}{65}=0,07(mol)\\ Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ a,n_{HCl}=0,14(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,14}{0,2}=0,7M\\ b,n_{H_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,07.22,4=1,568(l)\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,07.136=9,52(g)\\ c,ZnCl_2+2AgNO_3\to 2AgCl\downarrow+Zn(NO_3)_2\)
\(m_{dd_{ZnCl_2}}=200.0,8+4,55-0,07.2=164,41(g)\\ n_{AgCl}=0,14(mol);n_{Zn(NO_3)_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Zn(NO_3)_2}=\dfrac{0,07.189}{164,41+200-0,14.143,5}.100\%=3,84%\)
Giả sử \(m_{dd_{HCl29,2\%}}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\frac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
x_______2x__________x_____________x
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=100x+100-44x=56x+100\)
\(m_{HCl_{dư}}=36,5\left(0,8-2x\right)=29,2-73x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{29,2-73x}{56x+100}=0,2074\)
\(\Leftrightarrow29,2-73x=0,2074\left(56x+100\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,1\)
X có 0,6mol HCl ;0,1mol CaCl2
\(m_{ddX}=56.0,1+100=105,6\left(g\right)\)
\(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
y________2y______y_________y______________
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=197y+105,6+44y=153y+105,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCL_{Dư}}=36,5.\left(0,06-2y\right)=21,9-73y\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{21,9-73y}{153y+105,6}=0,0852\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21,9-73y=0,0852.\left(153y+105,6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=0,15\)
Y có 0,15mol BaCl2 ; 0,1mol CaCl2
\(m_{dd_Y}=153.0,15+105,6=128,55\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CaCl2}=\frac{0,1.111.100}{128,55}=8,63\%\)
\(C\%_{BaCl2}=\frac{0,15.208.100}{128,55}=24,27\%\)
\(200ml=0,2l\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\\ \left(mol\right)........0,1\rightarrow...0,2.......0,2..........0,1.........0,1\\ a,C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\ b,m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\c, V_{ddNaCl}=V_{ddNa_2CO_3}+V_{ddHCl}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(l\right)\\ C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
vì em trộn 2 dung dịch lại với nhau mà, ví dụ em đổ 1 chai nước 500ml vào 1 chai nước 500 ml thì mình phải được 1 lít nước chứ
B1:
2NaOH+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)Na2SO4+2H2O
nNaOH=\(\frac{4}{40}=0.1\)mol
=>nH2SO4=\(\frac{1}{2}\)nNaOH=0.05 mol
=>CM=\(\frac{n_{H2SO42}}{V}\)=\(\frac{0.05}{200}\)=2,5.10-4 (M)
B2:
Mg+\(\frac{1}{2}\)O2\(\underrightarrow{t^0}\)MgO (1)
MgO+2HCl\(\rightarrow\)MgCl2+H2O (2)
nMg(1)=\(\frac{0,36}{24}=0,015mol\)
=>nMgO(1)=0,015=nMgO(2)
nHCl(2)=2nMgO(2)=0,03mol
=>CM(HCl)=\(\frac{n_{HCl}}{V}=\frac{0,03}{100}=3.10^{-4}M\)
Giả sử ban đầu có 100g dd HCl
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=32,85\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
a___________2a_______a______a____________
\(m_{Dd_{Spu}}=100a+100-44a=56a+100\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl_{Du}}=0,9-2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl_{du}}=32,85-73a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{32,85-73a}{56a+100}=0,242\Leftrightarrow-73a+32,85=13,552a+24,2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,1\)
X có 0,1mol CaCl2 , 0,7mol HCl
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
b_________2b________b______b____________
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=84b+56.0,1+100-44b\)
\(=40b+105,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl_{du}}=0,7-2b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl_{du}}=25,55-73b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{25,55-73b}{40b+105,6}=0,2111\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25,55b-73b=8,444b+22,29216\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=0,04\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Y có 0,1mol CaCl2 , 0,04mol MgCl2 và HCl dư
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl2}=\frac{0,1.111.100}{40.0,04+105,6}=10,35\%\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{0,04.95.100}{40.0,04+105,6}=3,54\%\)