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Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{abc}+\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ca}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{3}{ab\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}-\frac{3}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\) (ĐPCM)
b. Sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức
\(a^3+b^3+c^2-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
và \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
nên \(A=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Do (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - a) = 0 nên áp dụng hđt \(X^2+Y^2+Z^2=-2\left(XY+YZ+ZX\right)\)khi X + Y + Z = 0, ta có:
\(A=-2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right).\)
Bài 1 :
\(b,ax^2+3ax+9=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x+3ax+9-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax\left(a+3\right)+\left(a+3\right)\left(3-a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+3\right)\left(ax+3-a\right)=0\)
Vì \(a\ne3\Rightarrow\left(a+3\right)\ne0\Rightarrow ax+3-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax=a-3\)
Vì \(a\ne0\Rightarrow x=\frac{a-3}{a}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số không âm :
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{x^2}{x}}=2.\sqrt{x}\)
\(y^2+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{y^2}{y}}=2.\sqrt{y}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2.\sqrt{x}+2.\sqrt{y}=2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng mình
Ta đi chứng minh:\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)* đúng *
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}\le\frac{a}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)};\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{b}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\le\frac{a+b+c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(abc=1\ge a^2b^2c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{b^2c^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
Theo Cauchy-Schwarz ta được:
\(VP\ge\frac{\left(bc+ab+ac\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}=\frac{bc+ab+ac}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
\(\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{bc}{a^2b+a^2c}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ac}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{c^2a^2}{ba+bc}\) ; \(\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+cb}\)
=> \(Vt=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}+\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)(do a,b,c khác 0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
Suy ra: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{3}{abc}\)(vì \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\))
Vậy...........
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{abc}+\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\left(2\right)\)
Thay (1) vào (2) ; ta được :
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}-\frac{3}{abc}=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
Ta lại có giả sử
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^3b^3c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3.a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3-3.a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^3-3ca\left(ab+bc\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-3ab^3c\left(-ac\right)-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2+0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\left(lđ\right)\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh