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PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Al2O3, CuO
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
CuO + H2SO4 → H2O + CuSO4
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+80y=12,3\\3x+y=\dfrac{100.24,5\%}{98}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,056; y=0,082
=> \(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,056.102}{12,3}.100=46,44\%\)
=> %mCuO= 100 - 46,44= 53,56%
b)
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
=> \(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{(0,056.6+0,082.2).36,5}{7\%}=260,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,1.40}{10}.100=40\%\\\%m_{MgO}=100\%-40\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=2,775\%\\C\%_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\begin{array}{l} n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\ (mol)\\ PTHH:\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\ (1)\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2O\ (2)\\ Theo\ pt\ (1):\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\ (mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2\times 27=5,4\ (g).\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\ (g)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\ (mol)\\ \Rightarrow \sum n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2+2\times 0,1=0,4\ (mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,4\times 133,5=53,4\ (g)\end{array}\)
Bài 6 :
a) Pt : \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
a 2a 0,2
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O|\)
1 3 1 3
b 3b 0,1
b) Gọi a là số mol của MgO
b là số mol của Al2O3
\(m_{MgO}+m_{Al2O3}=18,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{MgO}.M_{MgO}+n_{Al2O3}.M_{Al2O3}=18,2g\)
⇒ 40a + 102b = 18,2g
Ta có : \(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.250}{100}=49\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ 1a + 3b = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
40a + 102b = 18,2g
1a + 3b = 0,5
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Có : \(n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=18,2+250=268,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{24.100}{268,2}=8,95\)0/0
\(C_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{34,2.100}{268,2}=12,75\)0/0
e) \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O|\)
2 1 1 2
1 0,5
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.2}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=1.40=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddnaOH}=\dfrac{40.100}{12}=333,33\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{333,33}{1,1}=303,2\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_A=102a+40b=16.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(m_{Muối}=267a+111b=40.95\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.249,b=-0.23\)
Sai đề !