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a) Chữa đề: \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(Ta\text{ }có:\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\\ =2\overrightarrow{CM}+2\overrightarrow{NC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=-\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\\ =-\left[\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\right]\\ =-\left(2\overrightarrow{DM}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=4\left(\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\text{c) }2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}\right)\right]\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\overrightarrow{NI}\right]=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)\)
Mà IN là dường trung bình \(\Delta BCD\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}IN//BD\\IN=\frac{1}{2}BD\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}\right)=2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MC} + \overrightarrow {MD} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {GE} + \overrightarrow {EA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {GE} + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right)\\ + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {GF} + \overrightarrow {FC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {GF} + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\end{array}\)
\( = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {MG} + \overrightarrow {MG} \overrightarrow { + MG} } \right) + 2\left( {\overrightarrow {GE} + \overrightarrow {GF} } \right) \\+ \left( {\overrightarrow {EA} + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {FC} + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\)
\( = 4\overrightarrow {MG} + 2.\overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 = 4\overrightarrow {MG} \) (đpcm)
Cách 1:
Do ABCD là hình bình hành nên \(\overrightarrow {AB} = \overrightarrow {DC} \)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MB} = \overrightarrow {DM} + \overrightarrow {MC} \\ \Leftrightarrow - \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} = - \overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {MC} \\ \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MC} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MD} \end{array}\)
Cách 2:
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MC} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MD} \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {MA} - \overrightarrow {MB} = \overrightarrow {MD} - \overrightarrow {MC} \) (*)
Áp dụng quy tắc hiệu ta có: \(\overrightarrow {MA} - \overrightarrow {MB} = \overrightarrow {BA} ;\;\;\overrightarrow {MD} - \overrightarrow {MC} = \overrightarrow {CD} \)
Do đó (*) \( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {BA} = \overrightarrow {CD} \) (luôn đúng do ABCD là hình bình hành)
Cách 3:
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MC} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BA} + \overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MD} + \left( {\overrightarrow {BA} + \overrightarrow {DC} } \right)\)
Vì ABCD là hình bình hành nên \(\overrightarrow {AB} = \overrightarrow {DC} \)\( \Rightarrow - \overrightarrow {BA} = \overrightarrow {DC} \) hay \(\overrightarrow {BA} + \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow 0 \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MC} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MD} \) (đpcm)
\(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MD}\)
b/
\(2\left(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{DI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{JD}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\right)\)
\(=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{CJ}\right)=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{IJ}\right)=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)c/
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{6}{5}\left(\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(\Rightarrow A;K;H\) thẳng hàng