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\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KA}=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-\frac{1}{12}\)
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}\).
b) Theo câu a:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
Do K là trung điểm của MN nên \(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\)\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
H đối xứng B qua G \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BH}=2\overrightarrow{BG}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CH}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MH}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(=-\dfrac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\overrightarrow{AC}=-3\overrightarrow{AN}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\) (do M là trung điểm AB)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{PB}=x\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{PM}=\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=x.\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{PN}=\overrightarrow{PC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
P, M, N thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}{x}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{3}}\Rightarrow x=1\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{PB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B là trung điểm PC \(\Rightarrow P\left(-6;5\right)\)
Nếu bạn chưa học bài pt đường thẳng thì làm cách trên, còn học rồi thì đơn giản là thiết lập 2 pt đường thẳng BC và MN là xong
