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1.
Ta sẽ chứng minh BĐT sau: \(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2}\ge\dfrac{10}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Do vai trò a;b;c như nhau, ko mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=min\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+\dfrac{c}{2}\\y=b+\dfrac{c}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y=a+b+c\)
Đồng thời \(b^2+c^2=\left(b+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{c\left(3c-4b\right)}{4}\le\left(b+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)^2=y^2\)
Tương tự: \(a^2+c^2\le x^2\) ; \(a^2+b^2\le x^2+y^2\)
Do đó: \(A\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\dfrac{10}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4xy}\) nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\dfrac{5}{2xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(2x^2+2y^2-xy\right)}{2x^2y^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(A\ge\dfrac{10}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{10}{3^2}=\dfrac{10}{9}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{3}{2};0\right)\) và các hoán vị của chúng
\(Q\le\sqrt{3\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}\le\sqrt{6.\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}=\sqrt{6\sqrt{3}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lại có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\le1\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-1\right)+b\left(b-1\right)+c\left(c-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Do đó:
\(Q^2=2\left(a+b+c\right)+2\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+2\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+2\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
\(Q^2\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)+2\sqrt{a^2}+2\sqrt{b^2}+2\sqrt{c^2}\)
\(Q^2\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và hoán vị
\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)
\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2 a b , b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 b c , c 2 + a 2 ≥ 2 c a
Do đó: 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2.9 = 18 ⇒ 2 P ≥ 18 ⇒ P ≥ 9
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a = b = c = 3 . Vậy MinP= 9 khi a = b = c = 3
Vì a , b , c ≥ 1 , nên ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔ a b − a − b + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ a b + 1 ≥ a + b
Tương tự ta có b c + 1 ≥ b + c , c a + 1 ≥ c + a
Do đó a b + b c + c a + 3 ≥ 2 ( a + b + c ) ⇔ a + b + c ≤ 9 + 3 2 = 6
Mà P = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 a b + b c + c a = a + b + c 2 – 18
⇒ P ≤ 36 − 18 = 18 . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
Vậy maxP= 18 khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
\(Q=ac+bc-2022ab\le ac+bc=c\left(a+b\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(c+a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(Q_{max}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=1\\ab=0\\c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right);\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(Q=c\left(a+b\right)-2022ab\ge c\left(a+b\right)-\dfrac{1011}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(Q\ge c\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1011}{2}\left(1-c\right)^2\)
\(Q\ge c\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1011}{2}c\left(c-2\right)-\dfrac{1011}{2}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{c\left(1011+1013\left(1-c\right)\right)}{2}-\dfrac{1011}{2}\ge-\dfrac{1011}{2}\)
\(Q_{min}=-\dfrac{1011}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c}.\dfrac{bc}{a}}=2b\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế:
\(2P\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\Rightarrow P\ge a+b+c=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : a=b
Chứng minh tương tự như trên ; ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c+a}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; ta được :
\(A\text{≤}\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\text{=}\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi ;
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy Max (A) = 3/2 khi a=b=c=1