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3 ý cuối:
2KNO3 + 3C + S \(\rightarrow\)K2S + 3CO2 + N2
(5x-2y)Al +(18x-6y) HNO3 \(\rightarrow\) (5x-2y)Al(NO3)3 +3 NxOy + (9x-3y)H2O
2FexOy + (6x-2y)H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)xFe2(SO4)3 + (3x-2y)SO2 +(6x-2y) H2O
Chất khử : S
Chất oxh: HNO3
Chất môi trường : HNO3
\(QTkhử:\overset{0}{S}\rightarrow S^{+6}+6e|\times1\\ QToxh:N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times6\\ \Rightarrow PT:S+6HNO_3\rightarrow H_2SO_4+6NO_2+2H_2O\)
KClO3 => (to) KCl + 3/2 O2
O2 + 2H2 => (to) 2H2O
2H2O => (to) 2H2 + O2
O2 + S => (to) SO2
SO2 + H2O => H2SO3 (pứ hai chiều)
SO2 + 2H2S => 3S + 2H2O
10S + 20HNO3 => 10SO2 + 20NO2 + H2O
HNO3 + K => KNO3 + 1/2 H2
KNO3 => (to) KNO2 + 1/2 O2
1/2 O2 + H2O => H2O2
H2O2 + KNO2 => KNO3 + H2O
1)
$Zn^0 \to Zn^{2+} + 2e$ x3
$N^{+5} + 3e \to N^{+2}$ x2
$3Zn + 8HNO_3 \to 3Zn(NO_3)_2 + 2NO + 4H_2O$
2)
\(Al^0 \to Al^{3+} + 3e\) x2
\(S^{+6} + 2e\to S^{+4}\) x3
$2Al + 6H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 + 6H_2O$
3)
\(Cr^{+6} + 3e \to Cr^{+3}\) x1
\(Fe^{+2} \to Fe^{+3} + 1e\) x3
$K_2Cr_2O_7 + 6FeSO_4 + 7H_2SO_4 \to 3Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + Cr_2(SO_4)_3 + K_2SO_4 + 7H_2O$
4)
\(Pb^{+4} + 2e \to Pb^{+2}\\ \) x1
\(2Cl^- \to Cl_2 + 2e\) x1
$PbO_2 + 4HCl \to PbCl_2 + Cl_2 + 2H_2O$
5)
$2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2$
6)
\((FeCu_2S_2)^0 \to Fe^{+3} + 2Cu^{+2} + 2S^{+4} + 15e\) x4
\(O_2 + 4e \to 2O^{-2}\) x15
$4FeCu_2S_2 + 15O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3 + 8CuO + 8SO_2$
HD:
a)
FeS - 9e = Fe+3 + S+6
N+5 + 3e = N+2
------------------------------------
FeS + 3N+5 = Fe+3 + S+6 + 3N+2
FeS + 6HNO3 ---> Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + 3NO + 2H2O
b)
Fe+3 + e = Fe+2
2I- -2e = I2
-------------------------
2Fe+3 + 2I- = 2Fe+2 + I2
2FeCl3 + 2KI ---> 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2KCl
a) 6P + 5KClO3 --> 3P2O5 + 5KCl
| 2P0-10e-->P2+5 | x3 |
| Cl+5 +6e--> Cl- | x5 |
b) S + 2HNO3 --> H2SO4 + 2NO
| S0-6e-->S+6 | x1 |
| N+5 +3e --> N+2 | x2 |
c) 4NH3 + 5O2 --to--> 4NO + 6H2O
| N-3 -5e--> N+2 | x4 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x5 |
d) 4NH3 + 3O2 --to--> 2N2 + 6H2O
| 2N-3 -6e--> N20 | x2 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x3 |
e) 2H2S + O2 --to--> 2S + 2H2O
| S-2 +2e--> S0 | x2 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x1 |
f) Fe2O3 + 3CO --> 2Fe + 3CO2
| Fe2+3 +6e--> 2Fe0 | x1 |
| C-2 +2e--> C_4 | x3 |
g) MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
| Mn+4 +2e--> Mn+2 | x1 |
| 2Cl- -2e--> Cl20 | x1 |
Câu 1:
a) 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
| 2Al0 -6e --> Al2+3 | x2 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x3 |
b) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 +6 H2O
| 2Fe0-6e-->Fe2+3 | x1 |
| S+6 +2e--> S+4 | x3 |
c) Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 --> 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 5H2O
| \(Fe_3^{+\dfrac{8}{3}}-1e->3Fe^{+3}\) | x1 |
| \(N^{+5}+1e->N^{+4}\) | x1 |
d) \(10Al+38HNO_3->10Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+2NO+3N_2O+19H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{30.n_{NO}+44.n_{N_2O}}{n_{NO}+n_{N_2O}}=19,2.2=38,4=>\dfrac{n_{NO}}{n_{N_2O}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
| Al0 -3e --> Al+3 | x10 |
| 38H+ + 8NO3- +30e--> 2NO + 3N2O + 19H2O | x1 |
e) \(\left(5x-2y\right)M+\left(6nx-2ny\right)HNO_3->\left(5x-2y\right)M\left(NO_3\right)_n+nN_xO_y+\left(3nx-ny\right)H_2O\)
| M0-ne--> M+n | x(5x-2y) |
| \(xN^{+5}+\left(5x-2y\right)e->N_x^{+\dfrac{2y}{x}}\) | xn |
1.
1) N2: 0
NH3: N-3
NO: +2
N2O:+1
NO2: +4
HNO3:+5
NH4+: -3
NO3-: N+5
2.
H2S: -2
SO2: +4
SO3:+6
SO32-:+4
H2SO4: +6
HSO4-: S+6
3.
MnO4-:+8
MnO2:+4
MnO42-:+2
MnSO4:+2
4.
Cl2:0
HCl :-1
HClO:+1
KClO3:+5
KClO4:+7