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Lời giải:
Do $a+b+c=5$ nên:
$Q=\frac{a}{ab+c(a+b+c)}+\frac{b}{bc+a(a+b+c)}+\frac{c}{ca+b(a+b+c)}=\frac{a}{(c+b)(c+a)}+\frac{b}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{c}{(b+c)(b+a)}$
$=\frac{a(a+b)+b(b+c)+c(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}$
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
$(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\leq \left(\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{3}\right)^3=\left(\frac{2(a+b+c)}{3}\right)^3=\frac{1000}{27}$
Và:
$a(a+b)+b(b+c)+c(c+a)=(a+b+c)^2-(ab+bc+ac)\geq (a+b+c)^2-\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=\frac{50}{3}$
Do đó:
$Q\geq \frac{\frac{50}{3}}{\frac{1000}{27}}=\frac{9}{20}$
Vậy $Q_{\min}=\frac{9}{20}$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{5}{3}$
Lời giải:
Do $a+b+c=5$ nên:
$Q=\frac{a}{ab+c(a+b+c)}+\frac{b}{bc+a(a+b+c)}+\frac{c}{ca+b(a+b+c)}=\frac{a}{(c+b)(c+a)}+\frac{b}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{c}{(b+c)(b+a)}$
$=\frac{a(a+b)+b(b+c)+c(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}$
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
$(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\leq \left(\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{3}\right)^3=\left(\frac{2(a+b+c)}{3}\right)^3=\frac{1000}{27}$
Và:
$a(a+b)+b(b+c)+c(c+a)=(a+b+c)^2-(ab+bc+ac)\geq (a+b+c)^2-\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=\frac{50}{3}$
Do đó:
$Q\geq \frac{\frac{50}{3}}{\frac{1000}{27}}=\frac{9}{20}$
Vậy $Q_{\min}=\frac{9}{20}$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{5}{3}$
Ta có:
sigma \(\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}=\) sigma \(\frac{2ab}{5\left(a+b+2c\right)+\left(a+3b\right)}\le\frac{2}{36}\left(sigma\frac{5ab}{a+b+2c}+sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\right)\)
Ta đi chứng minh: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
có: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{c+a}+sigma\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
BĐT trên đúng nếu: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
Ta thấy: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{a}+sigma\frac{3ab}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\)( sigma \(b+sigma3a\)) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sigma\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}\le\frac{1}{18}\left(5.\frac{9}{4}+\frac{9}{4}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)(1)
MÀ: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{\left(ab+2bc\right)\left(ab+2ca\right)}}\ge\frac{2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{9^2}=\frac{1}{27}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow T\le\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{27}=\frac{77}{108}\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức T là 77/108 <=> a=b=c=3
\(VT=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}\)
Ta tách VT=A+B và xét
\(A=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab}{2}\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=A+B=3+\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\text{∑}ab=\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{15}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=6\)
(Do \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=3\))
Dấu = khi a=b=c=1
\(VT=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}\)
Ta tách VT = A + b và xét :
\(A=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}=\Sigma\left(3a-\frac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(3a-\frac{3ab}{2}\right)\)\(B=\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}=\Sigma\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=A+B=3+\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\Sigma ab=\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{15}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=6\)( Do \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3}\))
Dấu = khi a = b = c = 1 .
Ta đi chứng minh: \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^3}\le2b-a\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
Một cách tương tự:\(\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^3}\le2c-b;\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\le2a-c\)
Cộng lại thì:
\(LHS\le a+b+c=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le2b-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{b\left(a+3b\right)}\le0\) *luôn đúng*
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(P\le2a-b+2b-c+2c-a=a+b+c=3\)
Dấu '=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Xét \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}-\left(2b-a\right)=\frac{5a^3-a^3-\left(ab+3b^2\right)\left(2b-a\right)}{ab+3b^2}\)
\(=\frac{5b^3-a^3-\left(2ab^2-a^2b+6b^3-3b^2a\right)}{ab+3b^2}=\frac{-b^5-a^3+a^2b+b^2a}{ab+3b^2}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab+3b^3}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le2b-a\)
Ta có 2 BĐT tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^2}\le2c-b\\\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\le2a-c\end{cases}}\)
Cộng 3 vế BĐT trên ta được \(P\le2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1}\)
Áp dụng Bđt \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)ta có:
\(P\ge\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Lại có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=9\)
Mặt khác \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}\ge3\)\(\Rightarrow P_{Min}=30\)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Với dự đoán P đạt Min tại \(a=b=c=\frac{5}{3}\Rightarrow P=\frac{9}{20}\). Nên ta chứng minh \(P\ge\frac{9}{20}\).Thật vậy:\(P=\Sigma\frac{a}{ab+5c}=\Sigma\frac{a}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(b+c\right)+c\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)}{3}\right]^3}=\frac{9}{20}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{5}{3}\)
Vậy..