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2. \(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{a}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{b}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{c}}\ge1\)
Đặt\(\frac{2}{a}=x;\frac{2}{b}=y;\frac{2}{c}=z\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\xyz=8\end{cases}}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\left(yz+y+z+1\right)+\left(zx+z+x+1\right)+\left(xy+x+y+1\right)\ge xyz+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge6\)(Đúng vì \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=6\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 2 hay a = b = c = 1
3. Ta có: \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\)
Ta có đánh giá quen thuộc \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Từ đó suy ra \(ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+1}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+1}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+1}}{a+b}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=3\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b^2+1}=\frac{a\left(b^2+1\right)-ab^2}{b^2+1}=a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\)
Nhận xét: a,b,c không âm nên theo BĐT Cô - si, ta có:
\(b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2.1}=2b\)
=> \(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\frac{ab^2}{2b}=\frac{ab}{2}\)
=> \(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b}{c^2+1}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\)
\(\frac{c}{a^2+1}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Vậy ta suy ra
\(M=\frac{a}{b^2+1}+\frac{b}{c^2+1}+\frac{c}{a^2+1}\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab}{2}-\frac{bc}{2}-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Mà a+b+c = 3 nên suy ra:
\(M\ge3-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ac}{2}\right)\)(1)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
<=> \(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
<=> \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge3ab+3ac+3bc\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
<=> \(3^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
<=> \(ab+ac+bc\le3\)
<=> \(\frac{ab+ac+bc}{2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
<=> \(3-\frac{ab+ac+bc}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => \(M\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị
Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)
Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)
Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)
Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)
Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))
Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Câu hỏi hơi xàm
Do a;b;c không âm \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+1}\ge0\) ; \(\frac{b}{b+1}\ge0\); \(\frac{c}{c+1}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow T\ge0\)
\(T_{min}=0\) khi \(a=b=c=0\)
Dễ chứng minh được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)\(\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le6\)
Ta có : \(T=\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{a+1}+1-\frac{1}{b+1}+1-\frac{1}{c+1}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\le3-\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\le3-\frac{9}{6+3}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Mình xài p,q,r nhé :))
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=p^3-3pq+3r=1-3q+3r\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4=1-4q+2q^2+4r\)
Khi đó BĐT tương đương với:
\(\frac{1}{8}+2q^2+4r-4q+1\ge1-3q+3r\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2q^2-q+\frac{1}{8}+r\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(q-\frac{1}{4}\right)+r\ge0\) ( đúng )
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{1}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)^4\ge\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Khúc đầu có gì đâu nhỉ: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(=p^3-3\left[\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\right]\)
\(=p^3-3pq+3r\)
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\(a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2-2\left[\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(p^2-2q\right)^2-2\left(q^2-2pr\right)\)
\(=p^4-4p^2q+2q^2+4pr\)
Xem thêm các đẳng thức thông dụng tại: https://bit.ly/3hllKCq
Từ gt \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+1}=2-\frac{1}{b+c+1}-\frac{1}{c+a+1}=\frac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\frac{c+a}{c+a+1}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}}\text{ }\left(1\right)\) (bđt Cauchy)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(a+c+1\right)}}\text{ }\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)}}\text{ }\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+1}.\frac{1}{b+c+1}.\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+1\right)^2\left(b+c+1\right)^2\left(c+a+1\right)^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\ge8.\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge8\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)Hay \(M\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
bài này mình làm rồi nhưng quyên
mình làm toán 7 bồi dưỡng
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^2+1}+\frac{c}{c^2+1}\le\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{b}{2b}+\frac{c}{2c}\le\frac{3}{2}\)