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Giải:
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{b}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)(*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a\left(c+1\right)+b\left(a+1\right)+c\left(b+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ac+a+ab+b+bc+c}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\) \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Do a+1 ; b+1; c+1 >0
\(\Rightarrow\) 4ac+4a+4ab+4b+4bc+4c \(\ge\) 3abc+3ac+3bc+3ab+3a+3b+3c+3
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ac+ab+bc+a+b+c -6 \(\ge\) 0
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số
Ta có: a+b+c \(\ge\) \(3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
ab+bc+ca \(\ge\) \(3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\) = 3
\(\Rightarrow\)ac+ab+bc+a+b+c -6 \(\ge\) 0 ( luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) (*) được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c=1
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{b}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{c}{(c+1)(a+1)}\)
\(=\frac{a(c+1)+b(a+1)+c(b+1)}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}=\frac{ab+bc+ac+a+b+c}{abc+(ab+bc+ac)+(a+b+c)+1}\)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ac+a+b+c}{2+(a+b+c)+ab+bc+ac}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab+bc+ac+a+b+c}{2+(a+b+c)+ab+bc+ac}\geq \frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c)\geq 3(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c)+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\geq 6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\geq 6\sqrt[6]{ab.bc.ac.a.b.c}\)
(Đúng theo BĐT Cô-si)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2bc\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab^2c\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{abc^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(Cauchy-Schwarz:\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ac+ab\right)^2}{abc\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc+ac+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(AM-GM:\)
\(ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải khác:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{a(b+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4a^2}}=\frac{1}{a}=\frac{abc}{a}=bc\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{b(a+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4b^2}}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{abc}{b}=ac\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c(a+b)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4c^2}}=\frac{1}{c}=\frac{abc}{c}=ab\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}\geq \frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq \frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (AM_GM)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+abc(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+(ab+bc+ac)+\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac}\)
\(\geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+(ab+bc+ac)+\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+2\sqrt{(ab+bc+ac).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+2(a+b+c)=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c+(a+b+c)\)
\(\geq 6\sqrt[6]{\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}.a.b.c}+(a+b+c)=6+a+b+c\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
1) Áp dụng BĐT Cô si
ta có
\(\left(\sqrt{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\inĐK\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{a+b}.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\)
vậy ĐPCM
Bài 2
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VP\le4\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge2.2\sqrt{ab}.\dfrac{1}{2}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+abc\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a\left(1+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(1+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(1+a\right)}\right)\ge3\)
Ta có:
\(\left(1+abc\right).\dfrac{1}{a\left(1+b\right)}=\dfrac{1+abc}{a+ab}=\dfrac{1+a+ab+abc-a-ab}{a+ab}=\dfrac{1+a}{a\left(1+b\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(1+c\right)}{1+b}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1+a}{a\left(1+b\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(1+c\right)}{1+b}+\dfrac{1+b}{b\left(1+c\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(1+a\right)}{1+c}+\dfrac{1+c}{c\left(1+a\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(1+b\right)}{1+a}-3\)
\(VT\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2}{abc\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2}}-3=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)