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\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{abc}+\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{-1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(\frac{-1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{3}{ab}.\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}-\frac{3}{ab}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=a^2+b^2+c^2\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^3=3.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
=> ĐPCM
ta có
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\left(AM-GM\right)\)
tương tự ta có
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\left(a+b\ge+c\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
do \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3=0\)
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)=3abc⋮3\) (đpcm)
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\) (Cô si ngược + Rút gọn)
Tương tự \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2};\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT,ta được: \(VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Mặt khác,ta có BĐT \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\) (bạn tự c/m,không làm được ib)
Thay x = a; y = b ; z = c,ta có: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{9}{3}=3\)
Suy ra\(VT\ge3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1