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Ta có: A= 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 260= (2 +22) + (23+ 24) + ... + (259 + 260).
= 2 x (2 + 1) + 23 x (2 + 1) + ... + 259 x (2 + 1).
= 2 x 3 + 23 x 3 + ... + 259 x 3.
= 3 x ( 2 + 23 + ... + 259).
Vì A = 3 x ( 2 + 23 + ... + 259) nên A chia hết cho 3.
A= (2 +22 + 23) + (24 + 25 + 26) + ... + (258 + 259 + 260).
= 2 x (1 + 2 + 22) + 24 x (1 + 2 + 22) + ... + 258 x (1 + 2 + 22).
= 2 x 7 + 24 x 7 + ... + 258 x 7.
= 7 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258).
Vì A = 7 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258) nên A chia hết cho 7.
A= (2 +22 + 23 + 24) + (25 + 26 + 27 + 28) + ... + (257 + 258 + 259 + 260).
= 2 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + 25 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + ... + 257 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23).
= 2 x 15 + 25 x 15 + ... + 257 x 15.
= 15 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258).
Vì A = 15 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258) nên A chia hết cho 15.
Ta có: B= 3 + 33 + 35 + ... + 31991= (3 + 33 + 35) + (37+ 39 + 311 ) + ... + (31987 + 31989 + 31991).
= 3 x (1 + 32 + 34) + 37 x (1 + 32 + 34) + ... + 31987 x (1 + 32 + 34).
= 3 x 91 + 37 x 91 + ... + 31987 x 91= 3 x 7 x 13 + 37 x 7 x 13 + ... + 31987 x 7 x 13.
= 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 37 x 7 + ... + 31987 x 7).
Vì B = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 37 x 7 + ... + 31987 x 7) nên B chia hết cho 13.
B= (3 + 33 + 35 + 37) + ... + (31985 + 31987 + 31989 + 31991).
= 3 x (1 + 32 + 34 + 36) + ... + 31985 x (1 + 32 + 34 + 36).
= 3 x 820 + ... + 31985 x 820= 3 x 20 x 41 + ... + 31985 x 20 x 41.
= 41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. + 31985 x 20)
Vì B =41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. + 31985 x 20) nên B chia hết cho 41.
a) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)
\(=3\times91+3^7\times91+...+3^{1987}\times91\)
\(=3\times7\times13+3^7\times7\times13+...+3^{1987}\times7\times13\)
\(=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)
Vì \(A=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 13.
b) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{1985}+3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+...+3^{1985}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)
\(=3\times820+...+3^{1985}\times820\)
\(=3\times20\times41+...+3^{1985}\times20\times41\)
\(=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)
Vì \(A=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 41.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
A={2+2^2}+{2^3+2^4}+.......+{2^59+2^60}
={2.1+2.2}+{2^3.1+2^3.2}+....+{2^59.1+2^59.2}
=2{1+2}+2^3{1+2}+...+2^59{1+2}
=2.3+2^3.3+.....+2^59.3
=3.(2+2^3+...+2^59)
vi co thua so 3 => tich do chia het cho 3
A={2+2^2}+{2^3+2^4}+.......+{2^59+2^60}
={2.1+2.2}+{2^3.1+2^3.2}+....+{2^59.1+2^59.2}
=2{1+2}+2^3{1+2}+...+2^59{1+2}
=2.3+2^3.3+.....+2^59.3
=3.(2+2^3+...+2^59)
vi co thua so 3 => tich do chia het cho 3
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
A=2+22+23+...+260
A=(2+22+23)+...+(258+259+260)
A=12.1+...+257.(2+22+23)
A=12.1+...+257.12
A=12.(1+...+257)chia hết cho 3 vì 12 chia hết cho 3
tương tự chia lần lượt thành 4 nhóm ,5 nhóm :b)thì chia lần lượt thành 3 nhóm,4 nhóm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\\ =\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8\right)+...+\left(2^{57}+2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\\ =2.15+2^5.15+...+2^{57}.15=15\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)\)
Mà \(15\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)⋮3\) và \(15\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)⋮5\) nên A chia hết cho 3 và 5
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
A=(2+22)+(23+24)+......+(259+260)
A=2(1+2)+23(1+2)+.....+259(1+2)
A=2.3+23.3+.......+259.3
A=3.(2+23+......+259)
Vậy A chia hết cho 3
A=(2+22+23)+(24+25+26)+.......+(258+259+260)
A=2(1+2+4)+24(1+2+4)+.........+258(1+2+4)
A=2.7+24.7+........258.7
A=7.(2+24+.............+258)
Vậy A chia hết cho 7
A=(2+22+23+24)+..............+(257+258+259+260)
A=2(1+2+4+8)+.............+257(1+2+4+8)
A=2.15+..........+257.15
A=15(2+...........+257)
Vậy A chia hết cho 15
TA có:VÌ 2= 2^1
A=\(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
A= \(\left(2^1+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
A= \(2\left(1+2\right)+2^3\left(1+2\right)+...2^{59}\left(1+2\right)\)
A= \(3.\left(2+2^3+...+2^{60}\right)\)chia hết cho 3
=) A chia hết cho3( đpcm)
Ta lại có:
A= \(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
A= \(\left(2^1+2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
A=\(2\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+2^{58}\left(1+2+2^2\right)\)
A= \(7.\left(2+...+2^{58}\right)\)chia hết cho 7
=) A chia hết cho 7( đpcm)
ahihi