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Bài 1:
\(PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,15=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075\cdot98=7,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,2------------>0,2----->0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
$n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2(mol)$
$Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow$
Theo PT: $n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4(g);V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(lít)$
$\Rightarrow m=25,4;V=4,48$
Bài 4:
$CuO+H_2SO_4\to CuSO_4+H_2O$
Theo PT; $n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2(g)$
$m_{CuSO_4}=0,4.160=64(g)$
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,1---->0,3
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,3<--------------------0,3
=> m = 0,3.65 = 19,5 (g)
`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
`0,2` `0,2` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_[Fe]=[11,2]/56=0,2(mol)`
`a)m_[FeCl_2]=0,2.127=25,4(g)`
`b)V_[H_2]=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)`
`c)n_[O_2]=[4,48]/[22,4]=0,2(mol)`
`2H_2 + O_2` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `2H_2 O`
`0,2` `0,1` `0,2` `(mol)`
Ta có:`[0,2]/2 < [0,2]/1`
`=>O_2` dư
`=>m_[H_2 O]=0,2.18=3,6(g)`
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên Zn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn({\text{phản ứng})}}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn(\text{dư})}=0,2-0,15=0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn(\text{dư})}=0,05.65=3,25(g)\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{ZnCl_2}=0,15.136=20,4(g)\\ V=V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2.4}{24}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1....................................0.1\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2H_2O\)
\(0.1.....0.05\)
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.5-0.05\right)\cdot32=14.4\left(g\right)\)
NaOH tác dụng với H2SO4 sao lại có HCl dư ở đây?