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a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,2<---------------------------0,2
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=16-11,2=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{32}{16}.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{4,8}{64}.\dfrac{32}{16}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Cu + 2H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,15--------------------------------------------->0,15
2Fe + 6H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,4------------------------------------------------------>0,6
=> VSO2 = (0,6 + 0,15).22,4 = 16,8 (l)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=0,375.2=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0,75}{0,6+0,15}=1\) => tạo duy nhất muối axit (NaHSO3)
PTHH: NaOH + SO2 ---> NaHSO3
0,75----------------->0,75
=> mmuối = 0,75.104 = 78 (g)
\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} =0,05(mol)\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 =1,2(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 7,6 -1,2 = 6,4(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,5} =0,1(lít)\\ c) n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4} = 0,05.120 = 6(gam)\\ d) \text{Bảo toàn electron: } 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Cu} = 2n_{SO_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2} = 0,05 + \dfrac{6,4}{64} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow V_{SO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)
1)
- Xét phần 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,2<-------------------0,2
=> nFe = 0,2 (mol)
- Xét phần 2:
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,2-->0,6-------->0,1--------->0,3
Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,3<----0,6<------0,3<-----0,3
=> nCu = 0,3 (mol)
m = 2.(0,2.56 + 0,3.64) = 60,8 (g)
2)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{200.98}{100}=196\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(sau.pư\right)}=196-98\left(0,6+0,6\right)=78,4\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = \(\dfrac{60,8}{2}+200-0,6.64=192\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.400}{192}.100\%=20,83\%\\C\%_{\left(CuSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.160}{192}.100\%=25\%\\C\%_{\left(H_2SO_4.dư\right)}=\dfrac{78,4}{192}.100\%=40,83\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/nH2= 0,1(mol)
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
0,1_________________0,1(mol)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=> %mFe= (5,6/12).100\(\approx\) 46,667%
=> %mCu \(\approx\) 100% - 46,667% \(\approx\) 53,333%
b) mCu= 12-5,6=6,4(g) -> nCu= 0,1(mol)
Cu + 2 H2SO4(đ) -to-> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
0,1___0,2__________________0,1(mol)
V=V(SO2,đktc)=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)
mH2SO4(p.ứ)=0,2.98=19,6(g)
=> mH2SO4(bđ)= 19,6 x 100/90 \(\approx21,778\left(g\right)\)
=> mddH2SO4 \(\approx\) (21,778 x 100)/98\(\approx22,222\left(g\right)\)
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{loãng}}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2+H_2O\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
Bảo toàn e:
\(2n_{Cu}+3n_{Fe}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{2n_{SO_2}-3n_{Fe}}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25.64+0,5.56=44\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)=b=n_{Fe}\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\) \(\Rightarrow2a+3\cdot0,5=2\) \(\Rightarrow a=n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot64+0,5\cdot56=44\left(g\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{e\left(traođổi\right)}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2+1=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4\left(đặc\right)}=2\cdot110\%=2,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2,2\cdot98}{98\%}=220\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{220}{1,84}\approx119,57\left(ml\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,4\cdot1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2\)
2x x x (mol)
\(SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
y y (mol)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,6\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Đáp án C
Trong X, chỉ có Fe tác dụng với dung dịch H2SO4 loãng:
Bài 3 :
a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$
b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$
Bài 4 :
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\% = 60,87\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}= 1,25(lít)$
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2S}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(1\right)\)
Vì: dX/H2 = 24,5 \(\Rightarrow64a+34b=4,9\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ a = b = 0,05 (mol)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65x+64y=12,9\left(3\right)\)
Các quá trình:
\(Zn^0\rightarrow Zn^{+2}+2e\)
x____________ 2x (mol)
\(Cu^0\rightarrow Cu^{+2}+2e\)
y____________ 2y (mol)
\(S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\)
_____0,1__0,05 (mol)
\(S^{+6}+8e\rightarrow S^{-2}\)
_____0,4__0,05 (mol)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2x + 2y = 0,1 + 0,4 ⇒ x + y = 0,25 (4)
Từ (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\\y=\end{matrix}\right.\)
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