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a) Gọi số mol Mg, Ca là a, b
=> 24a + 40b = 8,8
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
______a---->2a------>a------->a
Ca + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + H2
b---->2b------->b------->b
=> a + b = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\)
=> a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,2.24}{8,8}.100\%=54,55\%\\\%Ca=\dfrac{0,1.40}{8,8}.100\%=45,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl = 2a + 2b = 0,6 (mol)
=> \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c) mMgCl2 = 0,2.95 = 19 (g)
mCaCl2 = 0,1.111 = 11,1 (g)
=> Tổng khối lượng muối = 19 + 11,1 = 30,1(g)
a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=25,55\\x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,35.65=22,75g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{25,55}.100=10,95\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-10,95\%=89,05\%\)
b.\(n_{HCl}=2.0,05+2.0,35=0,8mol\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4l\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=27,8\\1,5a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%=19,424\%\\\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=80,576\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=3a+2b=1,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,4.36,5.100}{20}=255,5\left(g\right) \Rightarrow4\approx\approx\approx\Rightarrow FeHCm=\)
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a--------------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------->b---->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 0,3
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)
=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=27a+56b=11\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1.5b=0.4\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.4=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.8\cdot36.5\cdot100}{14.6}=200\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%=50.91\%\)
\(\%Al=49.09\%\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)
Bài 12:
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Zn
Bảo toàn mol e: \(3a+2b=1,4\)
Mà \(27a+65b=31,4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{31,4}\cdot100\%\approx17,2\%\\\%m_{Zn}=82,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,4mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,4}{2}=0,7\left(l\right)=700\left(ml\right)\)
Đặt :
nAl = a mol
nZn = b mol
mB = 27a + 65b = 31.4 (g) (1)
2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a___________________1.5a
Zn + 2HCl => ZnCl2 + H2
b__________________b
nH2 = 1.5a + b = 15.68/22.4 = 0.7 (mol) (2)
(1) , (2) :
a = 0.2
b = 0.4
%Al = 5.4/31.4 * 100% = 17.19%
%Zn = 100 - 17.19 = 82.81%
nHCl = 2nH2 = 0.7*2 = 1.4 (mol)
Vdd HCl = 1.4 / 2 = 0.7 (l)
2Al+ 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a: 3a: a: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
b: 2b: b: b (mol)
Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Fe
Ta có 27a+56b=5,5(1)
nH2=\(\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\)+b=0.2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=5,5\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) %mAl = \(\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{5,5}\cdot100=49,1\%\)
%mFe=100%-49,1%=50,9%
b) nHCl=3a+2b=3.0,1+2.0,05=0,4(mol)
VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
c) mHCl = 0,4 . 36,5 = 14,6(g)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta được
mX+mHCl= mmuối + mH2
⇔ 5,5 +14,6=mmuối + 0,2.2
⇒mmuối = 19,7(g)
Chúc bạn học tốt nha!