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\(m_{KOH}=300\cdot5.6\%=16.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{16.8}{56}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
Giả sử : Muối chỉ có K2SO3
\(n_{K_2SO_3}=\dfrac{0.3}{2}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{K_2SO_3}=0.15\cdot158=23.7< 27.8\left(g\right)\)
=> Phản ứng sinh ra 2 muôi
\(n_{K_2SO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KHSO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+SO_2\rightarrow K_2SO_3+H_2O\)
\(KOH+SO_2\rightarrow KHSO_3\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=0.3\\158a+120b=27.8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=0.1\)
\(V_{SO_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
$n_{KOH} = \dfrac{300.5,6\%}{56} = 0,3(mol)$
Giả sử muối chỉ có $K_2SO_3$
$2KOH + SO_2 \to K_2SO_3 + H_2O$
$n_{K_2SO_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{K_2SO_3} = 0,15.158 = 23,7(gam) < 27,8$
$\to$ Loại
Giả sử muối có $KHSO_3$
$KOH + SO_2 \to KHSO_3$
$n_{KHSO_3} = n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{KHSO_3} = 0,3.120 = 36 > 27,8$
$\to$ Loại
Vậy muối gồm $K_2SO_3(a\ mol) ; KHSO_3(b\ mol)$
Ta có :
$158a + 120b = 27,8$
$2a + b = 0,3$
Suy ra a = b = 0,1
$n_{SO_2} = a + b = 0,2(mol)$
$V_{SO_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)$
Bài 1:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=0,25x\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\left(dư\right)\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,5\\b-\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C_{MddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{11,7}{117}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,2\\\dfrac{1}{3}a-b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow V=V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6+0,1}{1}=0,7\left(l\right)\)
1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
nMgO=\(\frac{12}{24+16}=0,3\) mol
mHCl = \(\frac{150.14,6}{100}=21,9\)g=> nHCl=\(\frac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\) mol
PTHH: MgO+2HCl --> MgCl2+ H2O
0,3mol: 0,6mol----->0,3 mol--> ,0,3 mol
mMgCl2=0,3.( 24+35,5.2)=28,5g
theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng
m MgCl2 =mMgO+mHCl-mH2O=12+150-0,3(1.2+16)=156,6 g
=> C% MgCl2\(=\frac{28,5}{156,6}.100=18,2\)%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ MgO+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{6,4}.100\%=37,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{MgO}=100\%-37,5\%=62,5\%\)
\(b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6,4-0,1.24}{40}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,1+2.0,1=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8(l)\\ c,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
Câu 1:
Ca+2H2O\(\rightarrow\)Ca(OH)2+H2
CaO+H2O\(\rightarrow\)Ca(OH)2
\(n_{Ca}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
mCa=0,2.40=8 gam
%Ca=\(\dfrac{8.100}{20}=40\%\)
nH2 = \(\frac{4,48}{22,4}\)= 0,2 mol
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl\(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
FeO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2O
\(\rightarrow\) nFe = nH2 = 0,2
\(\rightarrow\)mFe = 0,2.56=11,2 g \(\rightarrow\)mFeO = 18,3 -11,2 = 7,2 g
\(\rightarrow\) nFeO =\(\frac{7,2}{72}\) = 0,1 mol
nHCl = 2 (nFe+nFeO) = 0,6 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mHCl = 36,5 .0,6 = 21,9
\(\Rightarrow\) C%HCl = \(\frac{21,9}{200}.100\%\) = 43,8%
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
mddsaupứ = mFe + mFeO + mddHCl - mH2
= 18,4 + 200 - 0,4 = 218 g
nFeCl2 = nFe + nFeO = 0,3 mol
mFeCl2 = 127. 0,3 = 38,1 g
C%FeCl2 = \(\frac{38,1}{218}.100\%\) = 17,48%
Theo gt ta có: $n_{SO_2}=0,2(mol);n_{KOH}=0,04(mol)$
$KOH+SO_2\rightarrow KHSO_3$
Ta có: $n_{KHSO_3}=0,04(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{KHSO_3}=2,26\%$
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=200.1,12\%=2,24\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,24}{56}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}=0,2< 1\)
Vậy: Pư tạo muối KHSO3.
PT: \(SO_2+KOH\rightarrow KHSO_3\)
__________0,04______0,04 (mol)
Có: m dd sau pư = 0,2.64 + 200 = 212,8 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KHSO_3}=\dfrac{0,04.120}{212,8}.100\%\approx2,26\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!