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Cho 18g 1 bazo của kim loại R Hóa trị II tác dụng vừa đủ vs 400ml dd HCl 1M. Hãy tìm kim loại R trên
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4.1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(R\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{R\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{R\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{18}{0,2}=90\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R+34=90\Rightarrow M_R=56\left(g/mol\right)\)
→ R là Fe.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2Al+3H2SO4->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
0,2-----------------------------------0,3
n Al=0,2 mol
=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l
b)
XO+H2-to>X+H2O
0,3-------------0,3
=>0,3=\(\dfrac{19,5}{X}\)
=>X là Zn( kẽm)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(n_X=\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\)
\(XO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)X+H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) \(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}=0,3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_X=65\)
=> X là kẽm (Zn)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(XO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)X+H_2O\)
\(n_X=\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) mol
\(n_{H_2}=n_X=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}=0,3\)
\(M_X=65\) ( g/mol )
=> X là kẽm ( Zn )
a, nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3
VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b, PTHH: RO + H2 ---to---> R + H2O
0,3 0,3
=> MR = \(\dfrac{19,5}{0,3}=65\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> R là Zn
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_M=\dfrac{11,2}{M}\left(mol\right),n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(M+2HCl\rightarrow MCl_2+H_2\) (1)
Từ (1)\(\Rightarrow2n_M=n_{HCl}\Leftrightarrow2.\dfrac{11,2}{M}=0,4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=56\)
Vậy M là Fe
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1
\(n_O=\dfrac{16-11,2}{16}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
2
\(n_{HCl}=0,4.1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
0,2<--0,4
=> \(M_X=\dfrac{13}{0,2}=65\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> X là Zn
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.......0.4\)
\(M_A=\dfrac{13}{0.2}=65\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(A:Zn\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(X_aO_b+bH_2SO_4\rightarrow X_a\left(SO_4\right)_b+bH_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{H_2SO_4}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=490\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{X_aO_b}=n_{X_a\left(SO_4\right)_b}=\dfrac{1}{b}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{X_a\left(SO_4\right)_b}=\dfrac{a.X}{b}+96\left(g\right)\\m_{X_aO_b}=\dfrac{a.X}{b}+16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{aX}{b}+96}{\dfrac{aX}{b}+506}=0,2264\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,7736aX}{b}=18,5584\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{aX}{b}\approx24\)
Với \(a=b\ne0\) thì \(X=24\) (Magie)
Vậy công thức oxit là MgO
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50.21,9\%}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
0,15<--0,3
=> \(M_X=\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> X là Mg
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{50.21,9}{100}=10,95g\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:X+2HCl\rightarrow XCl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,3
\(M_X=\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> X là Mg