Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Đặt\(P=\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+a^2+}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) (1)
Chứng minh bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\left(\forall a,b,c\ge0\right)\)
Kết hợp điều kiện đề bài ta được: \(a+b+c\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{b^2}}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 2 số không âm 1 và b^2 )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ca}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2),(3) vế theo vế thu được: \(P\ge a+b+c=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
iải của
Ta có : \(3\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự :
\(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a+b+c\ge3\)
Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\)
\(P=x^3+y^3+z^3\)
Ta có:
\(x^3+x^3+1\ge3x^2\)
Tương tự: \(2y^3+1\ge3y^2\) ; \(2z^3+1\ge3z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-1\right)\)
Lại có: với mọi x;y;z thì:
\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)-3=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(3-1\right)=3\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Chevbyshev cho hai bộ đơn điệu cùng chiều \(\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b},\dfrac{2}{b+c},\dfrac{2}{c+a}\right)\) và \(\left(c\left(a+b\right),a\left(b+c\right),b\left(c+a\right)\right)\) ta có \(2c+2a+2b=\dfrac{2}{a+b}.c\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{2}{b+c}.a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{2}{c+a}.b\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\right)\left(a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\right)\).
Mà \(\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}=a+b+c\) nên \(ab+bc+ca\le3\).
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt A = \(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}=0\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b-c}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c-a}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{ab+bc+ca+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{ab+bc+ca+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)