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Có \(ab+bc+ac=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Áp dụng các bđt sau:Với x;y;z>0 có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}\right)\)\(\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{1}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế => \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}.6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=3
Có \(a+b=2\Leftrightarrow2\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)
\(E=\left(3a^2+2b\right)\left(3b^2+2a\right)+5a^2b+5ab^2+2ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a^3+b^3\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a+b\right)^3-18ab\left(a+b\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+48-18ab.2+4ab+5.2.ab+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2-2ab+48\)
Đặt \(f\left(ab\right)=9a^2b^2-2ab+48;ab\le1\), đỉnh \(I\left(\dfrac{1}{9};\dfrac{431}{9}\right)\)
Hàm đồng biến trên khoảng \(\left[\dfrac{1}{9};1\right]\backslash\left\{\dfrac{1}{9}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(ab\right)_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy...
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\dfrac{a-1}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}\right]+1\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{bc+b+c+1}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right)+1\)
Do \(a;b;c\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le1\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left[\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;0\right);\left(1;1;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right);\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
áp dụng bất đẳng thức: 1+b2>=2b. tương tự.....
ad bđt cauchy: a/b+b/c+c/a>=3∛a/b.b/c.c/a=3
P>=\(\dfrac{2ab}{bc}\)+\(\dfrac{2bc}{ca}\)+\(\dfrac{2ca}{ab}\) =2(\(\dfrac{a}{b}\)+\(\dfrac{b}{c}\)+ \(\dfrac{c}{a}\))>=2.3=6
Pmin khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng bđt : \(1+b^2>=2b\)
bđt cauchy : \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}>3\sqrt[3]{}\) a\b . b\c . c\a = 3
Bài 1
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2b+abc+a^2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2c+abc+b^2c}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+ac\left(a+c\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2
\(VT=\left(\sqrt{a^2}+\sqrt{b^2}+\sqrt{c^2}\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có
\(VT\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}+\sqrt{c}.\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\). Khi đó, ta có: \(a^2+bc\le a^2+ac\le\left(a+c\right)^2\)
Vậy chỉ cần chứng minh
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4\left(b^2+ca\right)\left(c^2+ab\right)\)
Lợi dụng AM-GM ngay, ta được
\(4\left(b^2+ca\right)\left(c^2+ab\right)\le\left(b^2+ca+c^2+ab\right)^2=\left(b^2+ab+bc+ca+c^2-bc\right)^2=\left[\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)+c\left(c-b\right)^2\right]\le\left(b+a\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b;c=0 và hoán vị
3) \(VT=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ca}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)
Lợi dụng AM-GM, ta được
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}{c+a}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự với các BĐT tiếp theo
Cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn ta được đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
Cộng theo vế và thu gọn:
$\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$a^3+a^3+a^3+a^3+b^3+c^3\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^{12}b^3c^3}=6a^2\sqrt{bc}$
$b^3+b^3+b^3+b^3+a^3+c^3\geq 6b^2\sqrt{ac}$
$c^3+c^3+c^3+c^3+a^3+b^3\geq 6c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn thu được:
$a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ac}+c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
1.
\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)\overrightarrow{AB}+c\overrightarrow{BC}}{b+c}=\dfrac{b\overrightarrow{AB}+c\overrightarrow{AC}}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow AD^2=\dfrac{\left(b\overrightarrow{AB}+c\overrightarrow{AC}\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{2b^2c^2+2b^2c^2.cosA}{\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{2b^2c^2\left(1+cos\alpha\right)}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow AD=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{2+2cos\alpha}}{b+c}\)
2.
\(MA^2+MB^2+MC^2=\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)^2\)
\(=3MG^2+GA^2+GB^2+GC^2+2\overrightarrow{MG}\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)\)
\(=3MG^2+GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\)
\(=3MG^2+\dfrac{4}{9}\left(AM^2+MB^2+MC^2\right)\)
\(=3MG^2+\dfrac{4}{9}\left(\dfrac{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}{4}+\dfrac{2a^2+2c^2-b^2}{4}+\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}{4}\right)\)
\(=3MG^2+\dfrac{4}{9}.\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=3MG^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Do vai trò a;b;c như nhau, không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(2\ge a\ge b\ge c\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le\dfrac{a}{c}\le2\)
Đồng thời \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc\ge b^2+ac\) (1)
Chia 2 vế của (1) cho \(bc:\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}+1\ge\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Chia 2 vế của (1) cho \(ab\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
Cộng vế: \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\le\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+2\)
Do đó:
\(S=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+3\)
\(S\le2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=x\Rightarrow1\le x\le2\)
\(S\le2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+5=\dfrac{2x^2-5x+2}{x}+10=\dfrac{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x}+10\le10\)
\(S_{max}=10\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;2\right);\left(1;2;2\right)\) và các hoán vị