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`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Al\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl2\\AlCl3\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
Ta có số mol Fe là x , Al là y (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\127x+133,5y=39,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}=50,9\%\\\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2.nH2=2.nFe+3.nAl\Rightarrow nH2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(nFe=nFeCl2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nAl=nAlCl3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow nHCl\left(pứ\right)=2.0,1+3.0,2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cm=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)
a)
$Cu + 2H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O$
$2Fe + 6H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 + 6H_2O$
b) n Cu =a (mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 64a + 56b = 12(1)
n SO2 = a + 1,5b = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25(2)
(1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
%m Cu = 0,1.64/12 .100% = 53,33%
%m Fe = 100% -53,33% = 46,67%
c)
n CuSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)
n Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,5a = 0,05(mol)
m muối = 0,1.160 + 0,05.400 = 36(gam)
d) n H2SO4 = 2n SO2 = 0,5(mol)
V H2SO4 = 0,5/2 = 0,25(lít)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
a) nCl2=7,28/22,4=0,325(mol)
=> mCl2=0,325.71=23,075(mol)
=> m(muối)= m(hh)+ mCl2= 10,45+23,075=33,525(g)
b) PTHH: 2 Al + 3 Cl2 -to-> 2 AlCl3
a__________1,5a(mol)
Cu + Cl2 -to-> CuCl2
b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+64b=10,45\\1,5a+b=0,325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mCu=0,1.64=6,4(g)
=>%mCu= (6,4/10,45).100=61,244%
=>%mAl=38,756%
a)
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Zn và Fe có trong 17,7 gam hỗn hợp là x và y mol. nH2 = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,3\\65x+56y=17,7\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = 0,1 và y = 0,2
=> mZn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 gam và mFe= 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam
c) nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,3.2 = 0,6 mol
Áp dụng ĐLBT khối lượng => m muối clorua = mKl + mHCl - mH2
<=> m muối = 17,7 + 0,6.36,5 - 0,3.2 = 28,05 gam
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=35.2-0.2\cdot56=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{11.2}{35.2}\cdot100\%=31.82\%\)
\(\%CuO=100-31.82=68.18\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.2+0.3=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.5\cdot98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{49}{800}\cdot100\%=6.125\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.2\cdot152=30.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.3\cdot160=48\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt số mol Zn và Al trong hỗn hợp đầu lần lượt là x, y.
Ta có hệ: \(\begin{cases}65x+27y=23,8\\2x+3y=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0,8=1,6\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{cases}\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\frac{0,2\cdot65}{23,8}=54,62\%;\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\frac{0,4\cdot27}{23,8}=45,38\%\)
b) mmuối = mkimloại + m(SO4)2-tạo muối
= 23,8 + 96nH2 = 100,6 (g)
c) nH2SO4 p.ư = nH2 = 0,8 (mol) → mH2SO4 p.ư = 78,4 (g)