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\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Khối lượng NaOH ban đầu:
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{500.10}{100}=50g\)
Khối lượng NaOH được tạo ra từ Na2O:
\(m_{NaOH}=2.n_{Ca_2O}.M_{NaOH}=2.\dfrac{31}{62}.40=40g\)
Khối lượng NaOH sau cùng là: 50 + 40 = 90g
Khối lượng dd sau: 31 + 500 = 531g
Nồng độ % dd NaOH:
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{90}{531}.100\%=16,95\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH\left(p/ứ\right)}=6n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+6n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=6\cdot\left(\dfrac{8}{400}+\dfrac{13,68}{342}\right)=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(\Sigma n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16,8}{40}=0,42\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=2n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,04\cdot3+0,02\cdot3=0,18\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaAlO_2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,18}{0,5}=0,36\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{NaAlO_2}}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,5}=0,12\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25mol\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
0,25 0,25 0,5
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1M\)
b)Để trung hòa: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,5\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0,25mol\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\cdot98=24,5g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot100\%}{60\%}=\dfrac{245}{6}g\)
Thể tích dung dịch:
\(V=\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{\dfrac{245}{6}}{1,5}\approx27,22ml\)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\\ n_{KOH}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,C_{M\text{dd}A}=C_{M\text{dd}KOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b,2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5.100}{60}=\dfrac{245}{6}\left(g\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{245}{6}}{1,5}=\dfrac{245}{9}\left(ml\right)\approx27,222\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.0,2=0,02(mol)\\ n_{KOH}=0,2.0,3=0,06(mol)\\ PTHH:Al_2(SO_4)_3+6KOH\to 2Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3K_2SO_4\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{6}\) nên \(Al_2(SO_4)_3\) dư
\(a,n_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,3(mol)\\ n_{Al(OH)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{KOH}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al(OH)_3}=0,2.78=15,6(g)\\ C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6M\)
\(b,K_2SO_4\) ko tác dụng được với \(KOH\), bạn xem lại đề
thế dd X chứa gì
K2SO4 kh tác dụng đc mà Al2(SO4)3 tác dụng đc mà
\(a,2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ n_{NaOH}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\ m_{kt}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=58.0,25=14,5\left(g\right)\\ c,V_{ddX}=V_{ddNaOH}+V_{ddMgSO_4}=0,5+0,5=1\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,03<----------------------0,01
=> nNaOH min = 0,03 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,05<----0,05
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,1<-------0,05
=> nNaOH max = 0,5 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
3)
\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa
=> Trong Y chứa AlCl3 dư
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06
\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
(0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)
=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)
=> x = 1,2
Đổi 500ml=0,5l
\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(g\right)\)
\(Ca+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2\)
1...........1.............1............1....(mol)
0,3........0,3.......0,3............0,3..(mol)
\(C_{MH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{n}{Vdd}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}==0,6\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{23}{23}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(1......................1.............0.5\)
\(m_{NaOH}=500\cdot1.2\cdot10\%=60\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=1\cdot40+60=100\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{NaOH}}=23+500\cdot1.2-0.5\cdot2=622\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100}{622}\cdot100\%=16.07\%\)