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Vì a ; b dương , áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương , ta có :
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số , ta có :
\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\frac{4}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{2016.2+4034.1}=\frac{4}{8066}=\frac{2}{4033}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\) (Theo BĐT cô si;a,b dương)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\) (Vì \(a^2+b^2=2\))
\(\Rightarrow4034ab\le4034\Rightarrow4032+4034ab\le8066\) (1)
Lại có: \(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\) (2)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si dạng engel vào (2) được:
\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\ge\dfrac{2^2}{2016\cdot2+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\) ( vì \(a^2+b^2=2\)) (3)
Từ (1);(3)\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)
Vậy min \(M=\dfrac{2}{4033}\) khi a=b=1
\(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\)
AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow2ab\le2\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\Leftrightarrow4034ab\le4034\)
Hay: \(M\ge\dfrac{4}{4032+4034}=\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)
Trước hết, với \(a+b+c=1\) ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
\(\ge2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
Từ đó:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{a^2b}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^2c}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2-2=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)
\(=\left(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 3 số dương:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{b^3}.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{3}{b}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^2}{c^3}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{3}{c}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{a^3}.\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{3}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}-2=3-2=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x,\frac{1}{b}=y,\frac{1}{c}=z\) thì
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=1\\P=\frac{y^3}{x^2}+\frac{z^3}{y^2}+\frac{x^3}{z^2}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^3}{z^2}+z+z\ge3x,\frac{y^3}{x^2}+x+x\ge3y,\frac{z^3}{y^2}+y+y\ge3z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z^2}\ge3x-2z,\frac{y^3}{x^2}\ge3y-2x,\frac{z^3}{y^2}\ge3z-2y\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3x-2z+3y-2x+3z-2y=x+y+z=1\)
\(Ta có: \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }}\mathop \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - (\frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }})\)
\(Do đó: \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - \frac{{\sqrt {2a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{2}\mathop \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2a + b^3 + c^2 }}{4}\)
\(CMTT \frac{{b^5 }}{{c^3 + a^2 }}\mathop \ge \frac{{3b^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2b + c^3 + a^2 }}{4}\), \(\frac{{c^5}}{{a^3+b^2}}\mathop \ge \frac{{3c^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2c + a^3 + b^2 }}{4}\)
\(M \ge \frac{{3(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 )}}{2} + a^4 + b^4 + c^4 - \frac{{2(a + b + c) + (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ) + (a^3 + b^3 + c^3 )}}{4}\)
\(M \ge \frac{9}{2} + a^4 + b^4 + c^4 - \frac{{2(a + b + c) + (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ) + (a^3 + b^3 + c^3 )}}{4}\)
Áp dụng Bunhiacoopski ta có:
\(\sqrt {(a^4+b^4+c^4 )(a^2+b^2+c^2)}=\sqrt {(a^4 +b^4+ c^4 ).3}\ge a^3+b^3+c^3 \)
\(\sqrt {(a^4 + b^4 + c^4 )(1 + 1 + 1)} = \sqrt {(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ).3} \ge a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \Leftrightarrow a^4 + b^4 + c^4 \ge 3\)
Ta có: \(3 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge \frac{{(a + b + c)^2 }}{3} \Leftrightarrow a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge a + b + c\)
\(Đặt t=x^4+y^4+z^4 (t \ge 3) cần CM để trở thành S \ge \frac{{4t - 9 - \sqrt {3t} }}{4}\ge 0\)
\(Ta có: S\ge \frac{{4t - 9 - \sqrt {3t} }}{4} = \frac{{3(t - 3) + \sqrt t (\sqrt t - \sqrt 3 )}}{4} \ge 0
\)
\(Do đó: M\geq \frac{9}{2}\)
Phần đầu mình thiếu nha
\(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\left(\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
Do đó \(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2a+b^3+b^2\right)}{4}\)
CMTT \(\frac{b^5}{c^3+a^2}\ge\frac{3b^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2b+c^3+a^2\right)}{4},\frac{c^5}{a^3+b^2}\ge\frac{3c^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2c+a^3+b^2\right)}{4}\)
a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Chứng minh \(\frac{m^2}{p}+\frac{n^2}{q}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{p+q}\) với \(p,q>0\)(*) (dễ chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương).
Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán, ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{\left(b^2\right)^2}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)(1)
Mà \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)nên \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034.\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=\frac{2^2}{2016.2+4034.\frac{2}{2}}=\frac{2}{4033}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(M\ge\frac{2}{4033}.\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=1.\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{2}{4033}\)khi \(a=b=1.\)
M=\(\left[\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{a\left(2016a+2017b\right)}{4033^2}\right]+\left[\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}+\frac{b\left(2017a+2016b\right)}{4033^2}\right]-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}{4033^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2a^2}{4033}+\frac{2b^2}{4033}-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}{4033^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4033}=\frac{2}{4033}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=1