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a, Ta có: 65nZn + 27nAl = 11,9 (1)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mZn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 (g)
mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = 0,1.136 + 0,2.133,5 = 40,3 (g)
c, Theo PT: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
nH2 = 0.73
gọi nMg=x mol ,nAl=y mol,nZn = z mol
Có hệ sau :\(\begin{cases}24x+27y+65z=19,46\\24x=27y\\2x+y+2z=0,73.2\end{cases}\)
=>x = 0.27 mol,
y = 0.24mol
,z = 0.1 mol
mMg = mAl = 6.48 => % Al = %Mg = 33.3%
=> % Zn = 33.4%
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11}.100\%\approx76,36\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx23,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
a)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Zn} = c$
Ta có :
24a = 27b (1)
24a + 27b + 65c = 19,46(2)
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = 16,352 : 22,4 = 0,73(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,27 ; b = 0,24 ; c = 0,1
Vậy :
$m_{Mg} = 0,27.24 = 6,48(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,24.27 = 6,48(gam)$
$m_{Zn} = 0,1.65 = 65,(gam)$
Gọi a,b,c lần lượt là số mol của Mg, Al, Zn (a,b,c > 0)
Mg+2HCl→MgCl2+H2
a mol___________a mol
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
b mol __________ 1,5b (mol)
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
c mol __________c mol
Vì mhh=19,46g⇒24a+27b+65c=19,46 (I)
Ta có: mMg=mAl⇒24a=27b (II)
nH2=\(\dfrac{16,35}{22,4}\)=0,73mol
⇒a+1,5b+c=0,73⇒a+1,5b+c=0,73 (III)
Từ (I) (II) (III) => a = 0,27; b = 0,24; c = 0,1
⇒%mMg=%mAl=\(\dfrac{0,27.24}{19,46}.100\)=33,3%
⇒%Zn= 100- (33,3.2)=33,4 %
b) Ta có : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}+2n_{Zn}=2.0,27+3.0,24+2.0,1=1,46\left(mol\right)\)
Vì lấy 1 lượng axit nhiều hơn 10% so với lượng cần dùng
=> \(m_{HCl}=1,46.36,5.110\%=58,619\left(g\right)\)
Tham khảo
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
0,2----------------------------------------------0,3
nH2=6,72\22,4=0,3 mol
=>mAl=0,2.27=5,4g
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{4,4}.100\%\approx54,55\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx45,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: mMgO = mhhA - mMg = 2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)=50\left(ml\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=2,4\left(g\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,8______0,8
Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=C_{M_{NaOH}}+2C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=2,2\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{OH^-}=\dfrac{0,8}{2,2}\approx0,36\left(l\right)\)
Gọi x,y,z lần lượt là số mol của Al,Mg,Zn
PT:
2Al + 6HCl--->2AlCl3 + 3H2
x-------3x----------------------1,5x mol
Mg + 2HCl--->MgCl2 + H2
y-----2y----------------------y mol
Zn + 2HCl--->ZnCl2 + H2
z----2z--------------------z mol
b.
Số mol H2: nH2=16,352/22,4=0,73 mol
1,5x+y+z=0,73
27x = 24y =>x=8y/9
=>7y/3 +z =0,73 (*)
27x + 24y + 65z=19,6
27x = 24y
=> 48y + 65z =19,6 (**)
Từ (*),(**)
=>y=0,27 => mMg =6,48 g
z=0,1=>mZn = 6,5 g
x=0,24=>mAl =6,48g
c.
nHCl =2nH2
=>nHCl =2.0,73=1,46 mol
=>V dd=1,46/2=0,73(l)
a)\(Mg+2HCl--.MgCl2+H2\)
X------------------------------------x(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl3+3H2\)
y--------------------------------------1,5y(mol)
\(Zn+2HCl-->ZnCl2+H2\)
z-------------------------------------z(mol)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{16,352}{22,4}=0,73\left(mol\right)\)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y+65z=19,46\\24x-27y=0\\x+1,5y+z=0,73\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,27\\y=0,24\\z=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,27.24}{19,46}.100\%=33,3\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\frac{0,24.27}{19,46}.100\%=33,3\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100-33,3-33,3=33,4\%\)
b)\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=1,46\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\frac{1,46}{2}=0,73\left(l\right)\)
nH2 = 0.73
gọi nMg=x mol ,nAl=y mol,nZn = z mol
Có hệ sau :24x+27y+65z=19,46
24x=27y
2x+y+2z=0,73.2
=>x = 0.27 mol,
y = 0.24mol
,z = 0.1 mol
mMg = mAl = 6.48 => % Al = %Mg = 33.3%
=> % Zn = 33.4%