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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2A+2nHCl\rightarrow2ACl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{0.2}{n}.......................0.1\)
\(M_A=\dfrac{2.4}{\dfrac{0.2}{n}}=12n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow M=24\)
\(A:Mg\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.1\cdot95=9.5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{7.3\%}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=2.4+100-0.1\cdot2=102.2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9.5}{102.2}\cdot100\%=9.3\%\)
\(a)n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b)n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=3.0,4=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{43,8}{10,95\%}\cdot100\%=400\left(g\right)\\ c)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4mol\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=10,8+400-1,2=409,6\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{53,4}{409,6}\cdot100\%\approx13\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4.5}{27}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{6}.....0.5.......\dfrac{1}{6}.......0.25\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.5\cdot36.5=18.25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\cdot133.5=22.25\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.25\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)
`n_[Al]=[2,7]/27=0,1(mol)`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,3` `0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`b)V_[dd HCl]=[0,3]/2=0,15(l)`
`=>C_[M_[AlCl_3]]=[0,1]/[0,15]~~0,67(M)`
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\\ C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\)
a, \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 8 + 200 = 208 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{208}.100\%\approx11,54\%\)
Bài 14 :
\(a) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } CuCl_2\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{CuCl_2} = 0,1.135 = 13,5(gam)\)
Bài 15 :
\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{4,8}{160} = 0,03(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,09(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,09.98}{9,8\%} = 90(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,03(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,03.400 = 12(gam)\)
nCuSO4=0,01 mol
Fe+CuSO4=> FeSO4+Cu
0,01 mol =>0,01 mol
mCu=0,01.64=0,64gam
FeSO4+2NaOH=>Fe(OH)2 +Na2SO4
0,01 mol=>0,02 mol
Vdd NaOH=0,02/1=0,02 lit
n H2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2(mol)
Gọi n là hóa trị của A
$2A + 2nHCl \to 2ACl_n + nH_2$
Theo PTHH :
n A = 2/n nH2 = 0,4/n(mol)
=> A . 0,4/n = 13
<=> A = 65n/2
Với n = 2 thì A = 65(Zn)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
n ZnCl2 = n H2 = 0,2(mol)
n HCl = 2n H2 = 0,4(mol)
=> mdd HCl = 0,4.36,5/7,3% = 200(gam)
Sau phản ứng :
mdd = m Zn + mdd HCl - m H2 = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6(gam)
Suy ra :
C% ZnCl2 = 0,2.136/212,6 .100% = 12,79%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2A+nHCl\rightarrow2ACl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{0.4}{n}....0.4......\dfrac{0.4}{n}......0.2\)
\(M_A=\dfrac{13}{\dfrac{0.4}{n}}=32.5n\)
\(n=2\Rightarrow A=65\)
\(A:Zn\)
\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.4\cdot36.5\cdot100}{7.3}=200\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=13+200-0.2\cdot2=212.6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot95}{212.6}\cdot100\%=8.94\%\)