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\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)
a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)
n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 0,5
Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư
-->Tính theo số mol hết
Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 -> 0,4 0,2 0,2
n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)
m\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)
b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)
c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2 0,12
Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)
nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết
\(HCl\)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2-> 0,2
m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow Zn.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
`n_(Zn)=m/M=(26)/65=0,4(mol)`
`n_(HCl)=m/M=(21,9)/36,5=0,6(mol)`
`PTHH:Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2 +H_2`
tỉ lệ: 1 ; 2 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,3<----0,6---->0,3----->0,3
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\right)\)
`=>` `Zn` dư, `HCl` hết, tính theo `HCl`
`V_(H_2)=n*22,4=0,3*22,4=6,72(l)`
`n_(Zn(dư))=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)`
`m_(Zn(dư))=n*M=0,1*65=6,5(g)`
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17.92}{22.4}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{69.6}{232}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}3Fe+4H_2O\)
\(0.2..............0.8\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot232=23.2\left(g\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.8......................................0.8\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.8\cdot65=52\left(g\right)\)
1.
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,15 0,3
b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) ⇒ Mg pứ hết, HCl dư
\(m_{HCldư}=\left(0,5-0,3\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
c, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
2.
a, \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 ---to→ 2P2O5
Mol: 0,2 0,25 0,1
b, \(V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c, \(m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
d, \(V_{kk}=5,6.5=28\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,625}{65}=0,025mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,025 < 0,1 ( mol )
0,025 0,05 0,025 0,025 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,025.22,4=0,56l\)
Chất dư là HCl
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).36,5=1,825g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,025.136=3,4g\)
huhu cảm ơn bạn đề dài quá nên đưa lên đây làm giúp