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\(13,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ .....0,3.....0,6......0,3......0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ 14,n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{25}{40+12+16\cdot3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\\ .....0,25.....0,5......0,25......0,25......0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{CO_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
a) $CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{10}{100} = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,25} = 0,8M$
c) $CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{CaCO_3} = 0,1.100 = 10(gam)$
a+b) PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{50\cdot40\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa, bazơ dư, tính theo CO2
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
m axit cần dùng = 0,2 x 2 x 36,5 = 14,6g
m dung dịch HCl = 146g => V dd HCl = 146/1 = 146ml
a) $n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{300.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,3(mol)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Fe} :1 > n_{HCl} : 2$ nên Fe dư
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,15(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
b) $n_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,15(mol)$
$FeCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Fe(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$4Fe(OH)_2 +O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3 + 4H_2O$
$n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{FeCl_2} = 0,075(mol)$
$m = 0,075.160 = 12(gam)$
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 0,25.........0,5.........0,25.......0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ b.m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Fe+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,25}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\\ \Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dư\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,25=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56\approx9,333\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,25 0,5 0,25
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
c,\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O
Mol: 0,25 \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{3}\)⇒ Fe2O3 dư, H2 hết
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56=9,33\left(g\right)\)
Tính thể tích khí CO 2
Phương trình hoá học :
CaCO 3 + 2HCl → CaCl 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 ↑
Số mol CO 2 , thu được :
n CO 2 = n CaCO 3 = 10/100 = 0,1 mol
Thể tích khí CO 2 đo ở đktc :
V CO 2 = 22,4 X 0,1 = 2,24 (lít),