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\(n_{XCl_3}=\dfrac{a}{M_X+106,5}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2X + 6HCl --> 2XCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_X=\dfrac{a}{M_X+106,5}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{X_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{b}{2.M_X+288}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2X + 3H2SO4 --> X2(SO4)3 + 3H2
=> \(n_X=\dfrac{b}{M_X+144}\left(mol\right)\)
TN1:
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
=> \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{15,3}{18}=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
TN2:
PTHH: FeO + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
=> \(n_{H_2O}=n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 1,7 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: moxit + mHCl = mmuối + mH2O
=> 50,8 + 1,7.36,5 = mmuối + 0,85.18
=> mmuối = 97,55 (g)
\(\begin{array} {l} a)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ b)\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4(mol)\\ \text{Vì }n_{H_2SO_4}<n_{Zn}\to Zn\text{ dư}\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ c)\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to m=m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4(g) \end{array}\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,6}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{1}\)
=>Zn dư
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
LTL: \(0,2< \dfrac{0,9}{3}\rightarrow\) HCl dư
Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=a(mol)\\ BTKL:\\ m_{hh}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\\ 29+98.a=86,6+2.a\\ \to a=0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh trên: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
mKim loại + mHCl = mmuối khan + mH2
=> mMuối khan = 12 + 14,6 - 0,4 = 26,2 (g)
pthh fe + 2hcl -> fecl2 + h2
2al2 + 6hcl -> 2l2cl3 + 3h2
zn + 2hcl -> zncl2 + h2
nNaOH=0,8/40=0,02(mol)
pt: 2NaOH+H2SO4--->Na2SO4+2H2O
0,02__________________0,01
mNa2SO4=0,01.142=1,42(g)