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28 tháng 3 2019

Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the diagnosis of illnesses. Advances in medicines have enabled doctors to cure many diseases and save lives.

These days, medicines come from a variety of sources. Many were developed from substances found in nature, and even today many are extracted from plants.

Some medicines are made in labs by mixing together a number of chemicals. Others, like penicillin, are byproducts of organisms such as fungus. And a few are even biologically engineered by inserting genes into bacteria that make them produce the desired substance.

When we think about taking medicines, we often think of pills. But medicines can be delivered in many ways, such as:

  • liquids that are swallowed
  • drops that are put into ears or eyes
  • creams, gels, or ointments that are rubbed onto the skin
  • inhalers (like nasal sprays or asthma inhalers)
  • patches that are stuck to skin (called transdermal patches)
  • tablets that are placed under the tongue (called sublingual medicines; the medicine is absorbed into blood vessels and enters the bloodstream)
  • injections (shots) or intravenous (inserted into a vein) medicines

No medicine can be sold unless it has first been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The makers of the medicine do tests on all new medicines and send the results to the FDA.

The FDA allows new medicines to be used only if they work and if they are safe enough. When a medicine's benefits outweigh its known risks, the FDA usually approves the sale of the drug. The FDA can withdraw a medicine from the market at any time if it later is found to cause harmful side effects.

Different Types of Medicines

Medicines act in a variety of ways. Some can cure an illness by killing or halting the spread of invading germs, such as bacteria and viruses. Others are used to treat cancer by killing cells as they divide or preventing them from multiplying. Some drugs replace missing substances or correct low levels of natural body chemicals such as some hormones or vitamins. Medicines can even affect parts of the nervous system that control a body process.

Nearly everyone has taken an antibiotic. This type of medicine fights bacterial infections. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic for things like strep throat or an ear infection. Antibiotics work either by killing bacteria or halting their multiplication so that the body's immune system can fight off the infection.

Sometimes a part of the body can't make enough of a chemical. That can also make you sick. Someone with insulin-dependent diabetes, for instance, has a pancreas that can't produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates glucose in the body). Some people have a low production of thyroid hormone, which helps control how the body uses energy. In each case, doctors can prescribe medicines to replace the missing hormone.

Some medicines treat symptoms but can't cure the illness that causes the symptoms. (A symptom is anything you feel while you're sick, such as a cough or nausea.) So taking a lozenge may soothe a sore throat, but it won't kill that nasty strep bacteria.

Some medicines relieve pain. If you pull a muscle, your doctor might tell you to take ibuprofen or acetaminophen. These pain relievers, or analgesics, don't get rid of the source of the pain — your muscle will still be pulled. What they do is block the pathways that transmit pain signals from the injured or irritated body part to the brain (in other words, they affect the way the brain reads the pain signal) so that you don't hurt as much while your body recovers.

As people get older, they sometimes develop chronic or long-term conditions. Medicines can help control things like high blood pressure (hypertension) or high cholesterol. These drugs don't cure the underlying problem, but they can help prevent some of its body-damaging effects over time.

Among the most important medicines are immunizations (or vaccines). These keep people from getting sick in the first place by immunizing, or protecting, the body against some infectious diseases. Vaccines usually contain a small amount of an agent that resembles a specific germ or germs that have been modified or killed. When someone is vaccinated, it primes the body's immune system to "remember" the germ so it will be able to fight off infection by that germ in the future.

Most immunizations that prevent you from catching diseases like measles, whooping cough, and chickenpox are given by injection. No one thinks shots are fun. But the diseases they prevent can be very serious and cause symptoms that last much longer than the temporary discomfort of the shot. To make life easier, now you can get immunizations at many pharmacies.

Although some medicines require a prescription, some are available in stores. You can buy many medicines for pain, fever, cough, or allergies without a prescription. But just because a medicine is available over-the-counter (OTC), that doesn't mean it's free of side effects. Take OTC medicines with the same caution as those prescribed by a doctor

27 tháng 11 2019

hello every body.My name is  Tu . My hobby is very unusual ,it is knitting. My mother takes me to that hobby.I usually knitting with my grandma because my mom is very busy . I started it 2 years ago . I think it's a active way to improve my imagination . I am not good at knitting so much so i practise it everyday . For me knitting is  a way for me to make more new friends who have the same hobby . The scafts i knit , i usually give to my family as some presents .In the future , i will countinue that hobby because when i knit , all i need is time

KO DK HAY LẮM MONG BN THÔNG CẢM

NHỚ TK CHO MÌNH

27 tháng 11 2019

A hobby that I enjoy is using the computer. Surfing the internet is what I usually do whenever I have free time.

No one can deny the benefits of Internet. Information resources are probably the biggest advantage that Internet offers to people. Internet is a wonderful source of information. All kind of information on any topic is available on the Internet at anytime. I love searching things on Google. It’s a very useful tool from the Internet, we can know everything with just one mouse click.

Becoming knowledgeable is also a great benefit of using Internet. I spend a lot of time on the Internet for reading news. All latest news is continuously up-to-date on the Internet on various news sites. I often visit E-newspaper websites to read hot daily news. I can know everything such as current issues that happen in this world, what happen to our country, celebrities life, recent fashion, and other news that can enhance my knowledge. I would rather using Internet for updating news because it is available everywhere at anytime.

In conclusion, people increasingly spend their leisure time using Internet because it is a helpful tool where people can learn new things and keep informed of information around the world. Internet turns the world into the speed generation. As the Internet saves us much time, we can have enough time to do other things. The internet is a marvelous creation in this generation.

đã đăng ký và hk rồi nhưng đây ko thích cho lắm

22 tháng 3 2018

Mik học cái từ tuần trc r bn ạ

12 tháng 4 2016

14 tháng 4 2016

cho mình xin đi

 

Xin chào mọi người! Chúc mọi người một ngày tốt lành nhé!Hôm nay mình sẽ giới thiệu các bạn về cuộc thi đấu lúc 20h thứ 6 hàng tuần do Admin Olm tổ chức nhằm mục đích tạo sân chơi trí tuệ cũng như củng cố kiến thức cho các học sinh.✔Cuộc thi gồm nội dung đa dạng và các câu hỏi phù hợp cho từng loại sách, từng khối lớp và các môn học cụ thể(Có thể tổng hợp các môn). Tại đây các bạn có thể tự...
Đọc tiếp

Xin chào mọi người! Chúc mọi người một ngày tốt lành nhé!

Hôm nay mình sẽ giới thiệu các bạn về cuộc thi đấu lúc 20h thứ 6 hàng tuần do Admin Olm tổ chức nhằm mục đích tạo sân chơi trí tuệ cũng như củng cố kiến thức cho các học sinh.

✔Cuộc thi gồm nội dung đa dạng và các câu hỏi phù hợp cho từng loại sách, từng khối lớp và các môn học cụ thể(Có thể tổng hợp các môn). Tại đây các bạn có thể tự tạo phòng riêng cho mình gồm cấu hình phòng như sau:

loading...✔ Không chỉ tạo phòng riêng mà các bạn còn có thể tham gia các phòng do người khác tạo với chủ đề, khối lớp, số lượng người tham gia và liệu phòng thi đã bắt đầu chưa hiện lên trước khi các bạn quyết định nhấn vào phòng thi đấu. 

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✔Các thành viên tích cực thi, được nhiều điểm thì sẽ thấy ngay tên mình tên bảng xếp hạng điểm, cảm thấy thật tự hào phải không nhỉ?

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✔Cuộc thi này không chỉ củng cố được kiến thức mà còn có cơ hội nhận được ngọc hoặc xu để đổi ra những món quà cực kỳ hấp dẫn.

Vậy thì còn gì không thú vị ở cuộc thi này nhỉ? Tham gia ngay nào các bạn ơi ⚡!!!!!!

13

Cô Ngô Phương

vâng ạ, em đã dùng cái đó được 1 thời gian nên em có biết á ạ hihi

6 tháng 1 2023

cũng mún:)) nhx mà đi học and ngu TA ă:)

9 tháng 4 2021

e tham khảo link này nhé 

10 DE DAP AN THI HSG ANH 7 - Lib24.Vn

9 tháng 4 2021

Woa! Em cảm ơn ạyeu

6 tháng 3 2022

tách nhỏ ra nhé bn

6 tháng 3 2022

ok