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Change clauses of reas on to phrases: 1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. ..Because of Mary's sickness , she didn't go to school yesterday ...
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired. ..She went to bed early because of feeling tired ...
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ...Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of having a bad cold ..
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically. ..John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodically work..
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick. ..Margaret stayed home because of her mother 's sickness....
6. I like him because his father is kind to me. .... I like him because of his father 's kindness.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green. ...I can't eat these fruits because of being green..
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult. .I couldn’t do the test because of its dificulty...
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark. .. I couldn’t read the letter because of the darkness.
10. He came late because it rained heavily .... He came late because of the heavy rain...
Change clauses of reas on to phrases:
1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.
=> Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
=> She went to bed early because of her tiredness
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
=> Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of her bad cold
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
=> John succeeded in his exam because of working hard and methodically.
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
=> Margaret stayed home because of her mother’s sickness
6. I like him because his father is kind to me.
=> Because of the kind of his father, I like him.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green.
=> Because of green fruits, I can't eat them.
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
=> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test .
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.
=> Because of the darkness , I couldn’t read the letter .
10. He came late because it rained heavily
=> Because of the heavy rain, He came late .
viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. I don't have enough time, so i can't go on holiday this summer
- If i have enough time, i will go on holiday this summer
2. The man had a broken leg. He tried to saxe his wife
- In spite of his broken leg, the man tried to saxe his wife
3, I can't tell you because i don't know the answer
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you
4. They will do the test well. They will review them all hard
- If They review them all hard, They will do the test well
5. Did they give food to homeless people last year?
- Was homeless people given food last year?
1 I'm busy so i can't go out with my friends
➞ If i had free time, i could go out with my friends
2 He plays soccer well so he can take part in the Games
➞ If he plays soccer well, he can take part in the Games
3 She can't go to the party because i don't invite her
➞ If i invited her, she could go to the party
4 I can't get a job easily because I don't have a degree
➞ If i had a degree, i could get a job easily
5 He doesn't have enough money , so he doesn't buy a house
➞ If he had enough money, he would buy a house
6 It is raining heavily so we can't go to the market
➞ If it weren't raining heavily, we could go to the market
7 He will go to watch the World Cup because he is studying in Russi
➞ If he studies in Russi, he will go to watch World Cup
8 I didn't talk to him because i didn't know him
➞ If i had knonw him, i would have talked to him
9 John didn't have money so he couldn't lend you some
➞ If he had had money, he could have lent you some
10 We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad
➞If the weather hadn't been so bad, we could have gone out
11 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold
➞If Mary had worn the raincoast, she wouldn't have got cold
12 Marry was injured in the crash because she wasnot wearing the seat belt
➞ If Marry had been wearing the seat belt, she wouldn't have been injured in the crash
13 Carol didn't answer the phone because he was studying
➞ If Carol hadn't been studying, he would have answered
14 You didn't eat breakfast, so you are hungry now
➞If you had eaten breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry now
15 I stayed up late last night, so i feel asleep now
➞If i hadn't stayed up late last night, i wouldn't feel asleep now
16 I can't retell the film now because i didn't watch it last night
➞If i had watched the film last night, i could retell it now
17 He is tired now because he drank too much yesterday evening
➞If he hadn't drunk too much yesterday evening, he wouldn't be tired now
18 I bought the car yesterday, so I run out of money now
➝ If i hadn't bought the car yesterday, i wouldn't run out of money now
19 He didn't go to the class regularly, so he can't take part in the competition now
➞If he had gone to the class regularly, he could take part in the competition now
1. Talking to you is very interesting.
->It.......is very interesting to talk to you..........................................
2. The last time we visited Xich Dang Temple of Literature was 3 months ago.
-> We haven't........................visited X.D Temple of Literature for 3 months.............................................................................
3. The problem was so difficult that I couldn't understand it.
-> The problem was too......................difficult for me to understand .............................
4. Did they return those books to the library?
-> Were.........those books returned to the library?......................................
5. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.
-> Because of....... her good behaviour, everybody loves her................................................
6. ''Where are you going next weekend?'' Linh said to Trung.
-> Linh asked.......Trung where he was going the next/ following weekend........
7. They think the owner if the restaurant is abroad.
-> The owner.........of the house is thought to be abroad............................................
8. He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
-> So hard..............did he worked that he forgot his lunch.........................................
9. Both of the chairs are uncomfortable.
-> Neither of...........the chairs is comfortable...............................
10. He told his customer: ''Please bring it back if it doesn't fit well."
-> He told........his customer to bring it back if it didn't fit well..........................................................................
1. Talking to you is very interesting.
->It is very interesting to talk to you.
2. The last time we visited Xich Dang Temple of Literature was 3 months ago.
-> We haven't visited Xich Dang Temple of Literature for 3 months.
3. The problem was so difficult that I couldn't understand it.
-> The problem was too difficult for me to understand.
4. Did they return those books to the library?
-> Were those books returned to the library?
5. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.
-> Because of good behaviors, everybody loves her.
6. ''Where are you going next weekend?'' Linh said to Trung.
-> Linh asked Trung where he was going the following weekend?
7. They think the owner if the restaurant is abroad.
-> The owner is thought if the restaurant is abroad.
8. He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
-> So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch.
9. Both of the chairs are uncomfortable.
-> Neither of the chairs are comfortable.
10. He told his customer: ''Please bring it back if it doesn't fit well."
-> He told his customer to bring it back if it didn't fit well.
VII. Choose the sentence which has the same meaning as the root one.
1. " I couldn't have made it without your help' means
A. I couldn't have made it if you helped me.
B. I couldn't have made it if you had helped me.
C. I couldn't have made it if you hadn't helped me.
D. I couldn't have made it if you didn't help me.
2. She didn't stop her car because she didn't see the signal.
A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car.
B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car.
C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car.
D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car.
3. His flight was deplayed so he couldn't be here on time.
A. He would be here in time if his flight were not deplayed.
B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn't been deplayed.
C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn't been deplayed.
D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren't deplayed.
4. Without your help, I couldn't overcome the problem.
A. If you don't help me, I can't overcome problem.
B. If you didn't help me, I couldn't overcome problem.
C. If you hadn't helped me, I couldn't overcome problem.
D. If you hadn't helped me, I couldn't have overcome problem.
1 Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom, who had been driving all day was tired and wanted to stop.
2 Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car. She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on.
Ann, who had been sleeping in the back of the car, felt quite fresh and wanted to go on.
3 Paul wanted to take the mountain road. His tyres were nearly new.
Paul, whose tyres were nearly new, wanted to take the mountain road.
4 Jack's tyres were very old. He wanted to stick to the tarred road.
jack, whose tyres were very old,wanted to stick to the tarred road.
5 Mary didn't know anything about mountains. She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone.
marry, who didn't know anythingabout mountains, thought it would be quite safe to climb alone.
6 He gave orders to the manager. The manager passed them on to the foreman.
He gave orders to the manager who passed them on to the foreman.
7 She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.
She said that the men were thieves, turned out to be true.
8 The matter was reported to the Chief of Police. He ordered us all to be arrested.
The matter was reported to the Chief of Police who ordered us all to be arrested.
9 In prison they fed us on dry bread. Most of it was mouldy.
In prison they fed us on dry bread, Most of which was mouldy.
10 We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner. His handcuffs rattled every time he moved.
We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner whose handcuffs rattled every time he moved.
11 We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
We lit a fire which soon dried out our clothes.
12 They rowed across the Atlantic. This had never been done before.
They rowed across the Atlantic which had never been done before
13 The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of them were slightly injured.
The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of whom were slightly injured.
14 She refuses to use machines. This makes her work more arduous.
She refuses to use machines which makes her work more arduous.
15 I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
I met Mary who asked me to give you this.
16 The women prayed aloud all night. This kept us awake
The women prayed aloud all night which kept us awake
. 17 The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next. This makes it unsafe for non-swimmers.
The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next which makes it unsafe for non-swimmers.
18 Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people. Mary's children couldn't swim.
Mary whose children couldn't swim, said that there should be a notice up warning people.
19 Ann said that there were far too many notices. Ann's children could swim very well.
ann, whose children could swim very well, said that there were far too many notices.
20 He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
21 Jack, the goalkeeper, and Tom, one of the backs, were injured in last Saturday's match. Jack's injuries were very slight. He is being allowed to play in today's match. This is a good thing because the team hasn't got another goalkeeper. (Combine the last three sentences only.)
Jack, whose injuries were very slight, is being allowed to play, which is a good thing because the team hasn't got another goalkeeper.
22 But Tom's leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand.
Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to watch the match from the stand.
23 Mr White didn't get a seat on his train this morning. This put him in a bad temper, and caused him to be very rude to his junior partner. The junior partner in turn was rude to the chief clerk; and so on all the way down to the office boy.
Mr. White didn't get a seat on the train this morning, which put him in a bad temper and caused him to be very rude to his junior clerk.
24 On Monday Tom's boss suddenly asked for a report on the previous week's figures. Tom had a hangover. He felt too sick to work fast. (Combine the last two sentences only.)
Tom, who had a hangover, felt too sick to work fast.
25 His boss didn't drink. He saw what was the matter and wasn't sympathetic.
His boss, who didn’t drink, saw what was the matter and wasn't sympathetic.
26 In the afternoon he rang Tom and asked why the report still hadn't arrived. The report should have been on his desk by 2 o'clock.
The report, which should have been on his desk by 2.00, still hadn’t arrived.
27 Tom's headache was now much worse. He just put the receiver down without answering. This was just as well, as if he'd said anything he would have been very rude.
Tom, whose headache was now much worse, put down the receiver without answering, which was just as well, as if he'd said anything he would have been very rude.
28 Fortunately Ann, the typist, came to Tom's assistance. Ann rather liked Tom.
Ann, who liked Tom, came to Tom's assistance
29 Even so the report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
the report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours
30 I went to Munich. I had always wanted to visit Munich.
to Munich, which I had always wanted to visit
37. We cannot swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
38. Mr. Minh has been admired since he dedicated all his life to protecting environment.
39. Lan was sick so she didn't go to school
??? 40.A lot of Viet Namese people have the custom to buy sugar cane on New Year's Eve
37. We cannot swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
I. Use the correct word form.
1. Bell experimented with ways of transmitting ..SPEECH...... over a long distance. (speak)
2. How many ....CELEBRATIONS.. are there in Viet Nam in a year. (celebrate)
3.No one knows the exact ..DEPTH.... of the river. (deep)
4. This statue is a ...MEMORIAL.... to a great statesman. (memory)
II. Rewrite the following sentances without changing the meaning.
1. Nam is so intelligent that he can answer all my questions.
Nam is such...AN INTELLIGENT BOY THAT he can answer all my questions..........................
2. Have you ever played a computer game before?
Is this.........THE FIRST TIME YOU HAVE PLAYED A COMPUTER GAME?................................
3. Having a vacation abroad is very interesting.
It is......VERY INTERESTING TO HAVE A VACATION ABROAD............................
4. It took me half an hour to get to worrk by underground every morning last month.
I spent......half an hour getTING to worrk by underground every morning last month.........................
5. Lan used to type faster than she does now.
She doesn't ....TYPE AS FAST AS LAN DOES......................................
6. The boy looks thin but he is very strong.
Although.....THE BOY LOOKS THIN,HE IS VERY STRONG..................................
7. No one can slove the problem.
This problem......CAN'T BE SOLVED.................
8. May I borrow your pen?
Would you mind ....IF I BORROWED YOUR PEN.........................
9. I fell asleep because the film was very boring.
The film was so.....BORING THAT I FELL ASLEEP..............
10. She didn't go to school yesterday because her mother was sick.
Because of.....HER MOTHER'S SICKNESS,SHE DIND'T GO TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY..........................
1. This problem was not solved yesterday.
2. Mrs. Smith said that she had been to some English speaking countries this year.
3. If Simon lived near his mother, he could visit her often.
4. Because her mother was sick yesterday, she didn't go to school.
Because of her mother's sickness yesterday, she didn't go to school.
5. A network of wind turbines was installed to generate electricity.
6. 20 girlfriends had been introduced to his family before getting married last year.
7. Because of his broken leg, he couldn't take part in the game.
Because he had a broken leg, he couldn't take part in the game.