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Câu 1:
PTHH: \(Na+\dfrac{1}{2}Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}NaCl\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{Cl_2}=2\cdot\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,04\cdot2=0,08\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,08\cdot36,5=2,92\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=4,29\left(g\right)\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
ta có 200cm3=0,2 lítn hcl=2*0,2=0,4 molgọi số mol của caco3 là a,na2co3 là bcaco3 + 2hcl -> cacl2 + co2 + h2oa(mol)---2a(mol)--a-------a--------ana2co3 + 2hcl -> 2nacl + co2 + h2ob(mol)---2b(mol)---2b-------b------bta có100a+106b=20,62a+2b=0,4=> a=b=0,1 mol=> m caco3=10g; m na2co3=10,6 g
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Na2CO3 là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2a\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của CaCO3 là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b=0,4\\106a+100b=20,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=10,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2mol\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot111=11,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=200\cdot1,2=240\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(saup/ư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=251,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,65\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{11,1}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
PT: \(2Na+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2NaCl\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{4,68}{58,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na\left(LT\right)}=n_{NaCl}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cl_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na\left(LT\right)}=0,08.23=1,84\left(g\right)\\V_{Cl_2\left(LT\right)}=0,04.22,4=0,896\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà: H% = 80%
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{1,84}{80\%}=2,3\left(g\right)\\V_{Cl_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,896}{80\%}=1,12\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đáp án D
nCl2 = 0,2 (mol)
16HCl +2KMnO4 → 2KCl + 2MnCl2+ 5Cl2
0,08 ← 0,2
Do H% = 80% => 
= 0,1 (mol)
= 0,1.(39 + 55 + 16.4) = 15,8 (g)
Câu 8:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,1<---------------------------------0,25
=> \(n_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
=> mKMnO4(tt) = 0,125.158 = 19,75 (g)
Câu 18:
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> n2 muối cacbonat = 0,1 (mol)
Câu 8: 2KMnO4 (0,125 mol) + 16HCl (đậm đặc) \(\underrightarrow{H=80\%}\) 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2\(\uparrow\) (0,25 mol) + 8H2O.
Khối lượng thuốc tím cần dùng là 0,125.158=19,75 (g).
Câu 18: 2H+ + CO32- (0,1 mol) \(\rightarrow\) CO2 (0,1 mol) + H2O.
Số mol của hỗn hợp hai muối cacbonat là 0,1 mol.