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https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/tim-kiem?id=237172646178&q=Cho+4,4g+h%E1%BB%97n+h%E1%BB%A3p+2+kim+lo%E1%BA%A1i+nh%C3%B3m+IIA+thu%E1%BB%99c+hai+chu+k%C3%AC+li%C3%AAn+ti%E1%BA%BFp+t%C3%A1c+d%E1%BB%A5ng+v%E1%BB%9Bi+dung+d%E1%BB%8Bch+HCl+d%C6%B0+thu+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+3,36+l%C3%ADt+H2+(%C4%91ktc).+a)+X%C3%A1c+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh+t%C3%AAn+kim+lo%E1%BA%A1i.+b)+T%C3%ADnh+C%+c%E1%BB%A7a+dung+d%E1%BB%8Bch+thu+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c.
Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A
a) PTHH: \(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(AOH+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\) \(\Rightarrow\) Kim loại cần tìm là Kali
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot20\%=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KCl}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot36,5=1,46\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_K+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=7,8+\dfrac{0,24\cdot36,5}{10\%}-0,2=95,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx15,65\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1,46}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx1,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 24a + 27b + 56c = 26,05(1)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al +6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\)
\(Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2\\ 2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3\\ 2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ n_{Cl_2} = a + 1,5b + 1,5c = \dfrac{17,36}{22,4} = 0,775(3)\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra: a = 0,325 ; b = -0,05 ; c = 0,35
→ Sai đề.
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
x---2x-----------x
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
y------2y-----------y
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=24\\x+y=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,3 mol, y=0,3 mol
=>%m Fe=\(\dfrac{0,3.56}{24}.100\)=70%
=>%m Mg=100-70=30%
=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,3.2+0,3.2}{2}\)=0,6l=600ml
b)
XCl2+2AgNO3->2AgCl+X(NO3)2
0,6--------------------1,2mol
=>m AgCl=1,2.143,5=172,2g
a)Gọi A là tên kim loại hóa trị III
2A+3Cl2=>2ACl3
Ta có p.trình:
A/10.8=A+106.5/53.4
<=>53.4A-10.8A=1150.2
<=>42.6A=1150.2;<=>A=27
Vậy A là nhôm
b)MnO2+4HCl=>MnCl2+Cl2+2H20
nAl=10.8/27=0.4mol
=>nCl2=0.4*3/2=0.6mol
=>nCl2(l.thuyết)=0.6*100%/80%=0.75mol
=>mMnO2=0.75*87=65.25(g)
=>mHCl=(0.75*4)*36.5=109.5(g)
=>mddHCl=109.5*100%/37%=295.9(g)
=>VddHCl=255.9/1.19=248.7ml
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