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a, \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{7,75}{62}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH
Mol: 0,125 0,25
b, \(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,25}=1M\)
c,
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,25 0,125
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,125.98.100}{20}=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{61,25}{1,14}=53,728\left(ml\right)\)
\(a.2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ b.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5M\\ c.n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,25.142=35,5\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4.8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(d,C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,45 0,15 0,45
\(V_{H_2}=0,45.24,79=11,1555\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1}{300}.100\%=14,7\%\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15.342=51,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=8,1+300-\left(0,45.2\right)=307,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{307,2}.100\%\approx16,7\%\)
Bài 5 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 6:
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{21,4}{107}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
_______0,2________0,6______0,2 (mol)
a, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
b, \(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.162,5}{21,4+200}.100\%\approx14,68\%\)
Bài 7:
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.9,8\%=9,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\)
______0,1______0,1_______0,1 (mol)
a, \(m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.161}{8,1+100}.100\%\approx14,89\%\)
a, \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\)
b, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,5\left(ml\right)\)
PT: \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,25+0,25}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2
a) Dung dịch Sulfuric acid \(H_2SO_4:Al\left(OH\right)_3,KOH,Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
b) Sulfur dioxide \(SO_2:KOH\)
\(2KOH+SO_2\rightarrow K_2SO_3+H_2O\)
c) Nhiệt phân hủy \(Al\left(OH\right)_3,Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^0}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^0}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
d) Làm phenolphthalein từ không màu chuyển sang màu hồng \(KOH\)
Bài 4
a)
b)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
c)
\(BaCl_2+Na_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2NaCl\)
d)
\(BaCl_2+Na_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2NaCl\)
e)
\(H_2SO_4\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)