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a) để x nguyên
=>13 chia hết n+2
=>n+2= 1 hoặc -1 hoặc -13 hoặc 13
=>n= -1 hoặc -3 hoặc -15 hoặc 11
Bài 1
Ta có:\(\left(x^2-x+a\right)\left(x+1\right)=x^3+x^2-x^2-x+ax+a=x^3-x\left(a-1\right)+a\)
Khi đó:
\(x^3+x\left(1-a\right)+a=bx^2+cx+2\)
Do đó \(1-a=c;a=2;b=0\Rightarrow a=2;b=0;c=-1\)
Bài 2:
\(A=\left(n^2+2n-5\right)\left(n+2\right)-2n^3+n+10\)
\(=n^3+2n^2+2n^2+4n-5n-10-2n^3+n+10\)
\(=-n^3+4n^2\)
\(=n^2\left(4-n\right)\)
Lập luận với n chẵn thì cái trên luôn chia hết cho 8
1. ( x2 - x + a )( x + 1 ) = x3 + bx2 + cx + 2
<=> x3 + x2 - x2 - x + ax + a = x3 + bx2 + cx + 2
<=> x3 + 0x2 + ( a - 1 )x + a = x3 + bx2 + cx + 2
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=0\\a-1=c\\a=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=0\\c=1\end{cases}}\)
2. n chẵn => n có dạng 2k ( \(k\inℕ^∗\))
Thế vào ta được :
A = [ ( 2k )2 + 2.2k - 5 )( 2k + 2 ) - 2(2k)3 + 2k + 10
A = ( 4k2 + 4k - 5 )( 2k + 2 ) - 16k3 + 2k + 10
A = 8k3 + 16k2 - 2k - 10 - 16k3 + 2k + 10
A = -8k3 + 16k2 = -8k2(k-2) \(⋮\)8
=> A chia hết cho 8 với mọi n chẵn ( đpcm )
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{8}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{15}\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{n^2+2n}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{3+1}{3}.\frac{8+1}{8}.\frac{15+1}{15}...\frac{n^2+2n+1}{n^2+2n}\)
\(A=\frac{4}{3}.\frac{9}{8}.\frac{16}{15}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n^2+2n}\)
\(A=\frac{2.2}{1.3}.\frac{3.3}{2.4}.\frac{4.4}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2.3...n}.\frac{2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4.5...\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(A=\left(n+1\right).\frac{2}{n+2}=\frac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Ta có : \(1+\frac{1}{k^2+2k}=\frac{k^2+2k+1}{k^2+2k}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k\left(k+2\right)}\) với k thuộc N*
Áp dụng với k = 1,2,3,....,n được :
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{8}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{15}\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{n^2+2n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{1.\left(1+2\right)}.\frac{\left(2+1\right)^2}{2.\left(2+2\right)}.\frac{\left(3+1\right)^2}{3.\left(3+2\right)}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left[2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}{1.2.3...n.3.4.5...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left[\left(n+1\right)!\right]^2}{n!.\frac{\left(n+2\right)!}{2}}\)
a) \(5^{n+3}-5^{n+1}=5^{12}.120\Leftrightarrow5^{n+1}.\left(5^2-1\right)=5^{12}.5.24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24.5^{n+1}=5^{13}.24\Leftrightarrow5^{n+1}=5^{13}\Leftrightarrow n+1=13\Leftrightarrow n=12\)
b) \(2^{n+1}+4.2^n=3.2^7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^n\left(2+4\right)=3.2^7\Leftrightarrow6.2^n=3.2^7\Leftrightarrow2^n=2^6\Leftrightarrow n=6\)
c) \(3^{n+2}-3^{n+1}=486\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^{n+1}.\left(3-1\right)=486\Leftrightarrow2.3^{n+1}=486\Leftrightarrow3^{n+1}=243\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^n=243:3=81=3^3\Leftrightarrow n=3\)
d) \(3^{2n+3}-3^{2n+2}=2.3^{10}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^{2n+2}.\left(3-1\right)=2.3^{10}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^{2n+2}.2=2.3^{10}\Leftrightarrow3^{2n+2}=3^{10}\Leftrightarrow2n+2=10\Leftrightarrow2n=8\Leftrightarrow n=4\)
\(d,2,5.5^{n-3}.2.5+5^n-6.5^{n-1}=5.5.5^{n-3}+5^n-6.5^{n-1}=5^2.5^{n-3}+5^n-6.5^{n-1}\)
\(=5^{n-3+2}+5^n-6.5^{n-1}=5^{n-1}\left(1+5-6\right)=5^{n-1}.0=0\)
a, \(10^{n+1}-6.10^n=10^n\left(10-6\right)=4.10^n\)
b. \(2^{n+3}+2^{n+2}-2^{n+1}+2^n=2^n\left(2^3+2^2-2+1\right)=2^n\left(8+4-2+1\right)=11.2^n\)