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\(n_K=\dfrac{m_K}{M_k}=\dfrac{7,8}{39}=0,2mol\)
\(2K+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
\(m_{KOH}=n_{KOH}.M_{KOH}=0,2.56=11,2g\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
a: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=1.6\left(mol\right)\)
hay \(n_{H_2}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.8\cdot22.4=17.92\left(lít\right)\)
b: \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0.8\cdot136=108.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0.8\cdot2=1.6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,8.22,4=17,92\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ C1:m_{ZnCl_2}=0,8.136=108,8\left(g\right);m_{H_2}=0,8.2=1,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}=108,8+1,6=110,4\left(g\right)\\ C2:m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{tham.gia}=m_{Zn}+m_{HCl}=52+58,4=110,4\left(g\right)\)
2Na+2H2o->2NaOH+H2
0,2------------------0,2----0,1
n NaOH=0,2 mol
=>m Na=0,2.23=4,6g
=>VH2=0,1.22,4=2,24l
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2
0,2 0,2 0,1
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,2.23=4,6\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1mol\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{KOH}=0,1.56=5,6g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12l\)
`n_[Zn]=13/65=0,2(mol)`
`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,4` `0,2` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)`
`b)C%_[HCl]=[0,4.36,5]/150 .100~~9,73%`
a, \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{200}{18}=\dfrac{100}{9}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{\dfrac{100}{9}}{2}\), ta được H2O dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 2,3 + 100 - 0,05.2 = 102,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,1.40}{102,2}.100\%\approx3,91\%\)
c, - Dung dịch làm quỳ tím hóa xanh.
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ddNaOH}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=2,3+200-0,05.2=202,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{40.0,1}{202,2}.100\approx1,978\%\\ c,NaOH-Tính.bazo\Rightarrow Quỳ.tím.hoá.xanh\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Làm gộp các phần còn lại
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1mol\\n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ddsaup.ứ}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=6,9+100-0,15.2=106,6\left(g\right)\)