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Giải theo kiểu lớp 8 cho chắc :v
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2+3b^2+3c^2}{9}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ( Đúng )
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}=\dfrac{a^2}{3}+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+\dfrac{c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}.\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=2\frac{a}{c}\\ \frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\frac{c}{b}\\ \frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
\(=>2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
=> đpcm
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{9}-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}{9}\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\) \(\ge0\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ac\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
Các phép biến đổi là tương đương suy ra đpcm. \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a^2xy+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2xy\ge a^2xy+b^2xy+2abxy\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a/b = x/y
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà theo Cô-si ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\) ( với a,b,c>0) ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a^4}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\ge a^2\) (1)
CMTT ta được
\(\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4}\ge b^2\) (2)
\(\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge c^2\) (3)
Cộng lần lượt từng vế của 3 BĐT (1);(2);(3) ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{4}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)với 3 số a,b,c>0 ta được:
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Thay vào pt (*) ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
k tớ nha !!!
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=>đpcm