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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:
\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x=0\) không là nghiệm của phương trình
Chia hai vế phương trình cho x, phương trình trở thành:
\(\left(x+\dfrac{4}{x}\right)+2-m=4\sqrt{x+\dfrac{4}{x}}\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(x+\dfrac{4}{x}=t\left(t\ge2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow m=f\left(t\right)=t^2-4t+2\left(2\right)\)
Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi phương trình \(\left(2\right)\) có nghiệm \(t\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge f\left(2\right)=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) có 2021 giá trị thỏa mãn yêu cầu bài toán
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=1+3^1+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2017}\\ 3A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2018}\\ 3A-A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2018}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2017}\right)\\ 2A=3^{2018}-1\\ A=\dfrac{3^{2018}-1}{2}\\ A-B=\dfrac{3^{2018}-1}{2}-\dfrac{3^{2018}}{2}=\dfrac{3^{2018}-1-3^{2018}}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=1+2+2^2+.....+2^{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=2+2^2+....+2^{2018}+2^{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A-A=\left(2+2^2+....+2^{2019}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+....+2^{2018}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2^{2019}-1< 2^{2019}\)
Vậy \(A< 2^{2019}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2018 số:
\(2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}+\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018\sqrt[2018]{\left(6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\right)^{2017}\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}}=2018.2.6^{2017}.a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.2.6^{2017}.a-2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.a-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{2\left(2b\right)^{2018}}{n}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.b-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{n}\)
\(\dfrac{3.c^{2018}}{p}\ge2018.3.6^{2017}.c-2017.6^{2018}.3.\sqrt[2017]{p}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2018.6^{2017}\left(4a+4b+3c\right)-2017.6^{2018}\left(2\sqrt[2017]{m}+2\sqrt[2017]{n}+3\sqrt[2017]{p}\right)\)
\(\ge2018.6^{2017}.42-2017.6^{2018}.7=7.6^{2018}>6^{2018}\)
Vậy \(S>6^{2018}\)