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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)
0,25 0,25
\(M_A=\dfrac{14}{0,25}=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
mà A hóa trị II
=> A là Fe
b)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)
=> Fe dư
\(n_{Fe\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Fe\left(d\right)}=\left(0,25-0,2\right).56=2,8\left(g\right)\\
m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\\
m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)
0,25 0,25
\(M_A=\dfrac{14}{0,25}=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
mà A hóa trị II => A là Fe
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)
=> Fe dư
\(m_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{saup\text{ư}}=\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(d\right)}=\left(0,25-0,2\right).56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.=2,8+25,4+0,4=28,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 24:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo pthh: nA = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)
=> MA = \(\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> A là Mg
Bài 25:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Mol:0,3\leftarrow0,9\leftarrow0,3\leftarrow0,45\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M_A=\dfrac{8,1}{0,3}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow A:Al\\m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 24.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(n_A=\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}\) mol
\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,15 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}=0,15mol\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=24\) ( g/mol )
=> A là Magie ( Mg )
Bài 25.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(n_A=\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}\) mol
\(2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\)
0,3 0,45 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}=0,3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=27\) g/mol
=> A là nhôm ( Al )
C2:
PTHH: 2Al+6HCl →2AlCl3 +3H2
a)
Ta có:
\(+n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(+n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Biện luận:
\(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)
⇒Al dư, HCl pư hết.
\(+n_{Al}\)dư =0,3-0,2=0,1(mol
\(+m_{Al}\)dư =0,1.27=2,7(gam)
b)
\(+n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(gam\right)\)
c) PTHH: H2+CuO→Cu+H2O
\(+n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(+m_{CuO}=0,3.80=24\left(gam\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt.
\(1.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2N+2nHCl\rightarrow2NCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{0.5}{n}.....0.5...............0.25\)
\(M_N=\dfrac{16.25}{\dfrac{0.5}{n}}=32.5n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow N=65\)
\(Nlà:Zn\)
Không tính được thể tích vì thiếu nồng độ mol nhé.
\(2.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8.1}{27}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21.9}{36.5}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2........0.6..........0.2...........0.3\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Cu+H_2O\)
\(0.3.....0.3\)
\(m_{CuO}=0.3\cdot80=24\left(g\right)\)
a) \(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)
\(n_M=\dfrac{2}{n}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{n}\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(M_M=\dfrac{16,25}{\dfrac{0,5}{n}}=32,5n\)
Chạy nghiệm n
n=1 => M=32,5 (loại)
n=2 => M=65 ( chọn)
n=3 => M=97,5 (loại)
Vậy M là Zn
b) Ta có : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(lít\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH
\(X+2HCl\rightarrow XCl_2+H_2\)
0,1mol 0,2mol 0,1mol 0,1 mol
\(M_X=\frac{2,4}{0,1}=24\left(g\right)\)
Vậy kim loại X thuộc nguyên tố Mg
nH2=2,24/22,4=0,1 mol
X +2HCl =>XCl2 +H2
0,1 mol<= 0,1 mol<=0,1 mol
a) Từ PTHH=>nX=0,1 mol
MÀ mX=2,4(g)=>MX=24=>X là Mg
b) nXCl2=nMgCl2=0,1 mol=>mMgCl2=0,1.95=9,5g
c) đề bài thiếu dữ kiện em
2Al+3H2SO4->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
0,2-----------------------------------0,3
n Al=0,2 mol
=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l
b)
XO+H2-to>X+H2O
0,3-------------0,3
=>0,3=\(\dfrac{19,5}{X}\)
=>X là Zn( kẽm)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(n_X=\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\)
\(XO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)X+H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) \(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}=0,3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_X=65\)
=> X là kẽm (Zn)
a. \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6.5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1 0,2 0,1
b. \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c. \(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3g\)
a) Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2
Muối tạo thành: magie clorua
b) nMg = 8,4 : 24 = 0,35 mol
Theo pt: nH2 = nMg = 0,35 mol
=> V = 0,35 . 22,4 = 7,84l
c) Pt: 2Mg + O2 \(\xrightarrow[]{t^o}\) 2MgO
nO2 = 2,24 : 22,4 = 0,1 mol
Có nFe : nO2 = \(\dfrac{0,35}{2}:\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,175:0,1\)
Do 0,175 > 0,1 nên Mg dư
nMg = 8.4 / 24 = 0.35 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2
0.35....................0.35....0.35
VH2 = 0.35 * 22.4 = 7.84 (g)
mMgCl2 = 0.35 * 95 = 33.25 (g)
nO2= 2.24 / 22.4 = 0.1 (mol)
2Mg + O2 -to-> 2MgO
2...........1
0.35......0.1
LTL: 0.35/2 > 0.1
=> Mg dư
Mg không cháy hết
\(a,A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_A=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A\left(II\right):Magie\left(Mg=24\right)\\ b,Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ \Rightarrow Sau.p.ứ:MgCl_2,HCldư\\ n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,15=14,25\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,15.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ m_{chất.sau}=3,65+14,25=17,9\left(g\right)\)